Pressure Drop Model on Rotating Zigzag Bed as a New High-Gravity Technology

The pressure drop across “Higee”, a synonym for high-gravity technology, is one of the most important characteristics, and the liquid flow gives rise to intriguing and unusual effects on the pressure drop. The pressure drop of the wet Higee can be substantially lower than that of the dry one. This trend is quite different from the conventional packed and trayed tower. And the unusual effects also occur in the rotating zigzag bed (RZB), a novel type of Higee. The pressure drop of RZB was studied by two methods of the pressure drop model, based on gas tangential velocity and empirical correlation. By use of an air–water system, experiments were carried out in a RZB with a rotor that had an inner diameter of 214 mm, outer diameter of 486 mm, and axial height of 104 mm. The radial distribution of gas tangential velocity in the RZB rotor was measured by a five-hole pitot probe. Lliquid flow reduced the gas tangential velocity due to the drag exerted by liquid droplets on the gas. The gas tangential velocities were correlated by an empirical equation on which the centrifugal pressure drop was predicted accurately. The correlation of the frictional pressure drop was subsequently obtained. As a result, the pressure drop model based on gas tangential velocity was established, from which the phenomenon that the wet rotor pressure drop is lower than the dry rotor pressure drop was reasonably explained. The rotor and overall pressure drops of RZB were correlated by empirical equations with good agreement. Deviation of the rotor pressure drops based on experiments and on gas tangential velocity was less than that based on experiments and on empirical equations. Variation of the overall pressure drop of RZB was similar to that of the rotor pressure drop. The pressure drop model based on gas tangential velocity can also be applied to the conventional rotating packed bed, which is beneficial to the theory of the pressure drop of Higee

DataSheet_1_Temperature explains intraspecific functional trait variation in Phragmites australis more effectively than soil properties.docx

Common reed (Phragmites australis) is a widespread grass species that exhibits a high degree of intraspecific variation for functional traits along environmental gradients. However, the mechanisms underlying intraspecific variation and adaptation strategies in response to environmental gradients on a regional scale remain poorly understood. In this study, we measured leaf, stem, and root traits of common reed in the lakeshore wetlands of the arid and semi-arid regions of the Inner Mongolia Plateau aiming to reveal the regional-scale variation for functional traits in this species, and the corresponding potentially influencing factors. Additionally, we aimed to reveal the ecological adaptation strategies of common reed in different regions using the plant economics spectrum (PES) theory. The results showed that functional-trait variation followed significant latitudinal and longitudinal patterns. Furthermore, we found that these variations are primarily driven by temperature-mediated climatic differences, such as aridity, induced by geographical distance. In contrast, soil properties and the combined effects of climate and soil had relatively minor effects on such properties. In the case of common reed, the PES theory applies to the functional traits at the organ, as well as at the whole-plant level, and different ecological adaptation strategies across arid and semi-arid regions were confirmed. The extent of utilization and assimilation of resources by this species in arid regions was a conservative one, whereas in semi-arid regions, an acquisition strategy prevailed. This study provides new insights into intraspecific variations for functional traits in common reed on a regional scale, the driving factors involved, and the ecological adaptation strategies used by the species. Moreover, it provided a theoretical foundation for wetland biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration.</p

Additional file 1 of Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus Nsp1 suppresses IFN-λ1 production by degrading IRF1 via ubiquitin–proteasome pathway

Additional file 1. Primers used for RT-qPCR