Sample of a porous titanium alloy rod and gross specimens at 3 months after treatment.

<p>Blue arrowheads indicate treatment sites.</p

Schematic illustration of experimental design.

<p>Schematic illustration of experimental design.</p

Quantitative analysis of the parameters for reconstructed trabeculae, as calculated by micro-CT.

<p>Quantitative analysis of the parameters for reconstructed trabeculae, as calculated by micro-CT.</p

Lateral radiographic images of the ankle at different times.

<p>White arrowheads indicate osteolytic changes inside the talus, and white triangles indicate titanium rods.</p

Characteristics of the porous titanium alloy.

<p>Characteristics of the porous titanium alloy.</p

The 3-D reconstruction of talar specimens performed by micro-CT.

<p>Quantitative study showed that the trabecular reconstruction of the IM group was prior to that of the DC group at each time point.</p

Percentages of reconstructed trabeculae in the ROIs of the two groups by histological study (<i>n</i> = 6, x ± s).

<p>Percentages of reconstructed trabeculae in the ROIs of the two groups by histological study (<i>n</i> = 6, x ± s).</p

Section design for histology.

<p>Sections A, B, and C were prepared for staining.</p

Histological examination of the DC and IM groups.

<p>The sections showed that the trabecular reconstruction was remarkable mainly in the IM group at 3 months after treatment, and the combination of the trabeculae and titanium alloy was very tight (Van Gieson stain, original magnification: left ×16; right ×100).</p

Nanosensor-Driven Detection of Neuron-Derived Exosomal Aβ₄₂ with Graphene Electrolyte-Gated Transistor for Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis

Blood-based tests have sparked tremendous attention in non-invasive early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a most prevalent neurodegenerative malady worldwide. Despite significant progress in the methodologies for detecting AD core biomarkers such as Aβ42 from serum/plasma, there remains cautious optimism going forward due to its controversial diagnostic value and disease relevance. Here, a graphene electrolyte-gated transistor biosensor is reported for the detection of serum neuron-derived exosomal Aβ42 (NDE-Aβ42), which is an emerging, compelling trove of blood biomarker for AD. Assisted by the antifouling strategy with the dual-blocking process, the noise against complex biological background was considerably reduced, forging an impressive sensitivity gain with a limit of detection of 447 ag/mL. An accurate detection of SH-SY5Y-derived exosomal Aβ42 was also achieved with highly conformable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results. Importantly, the clinical analysis for 27 subjects revealed the immense diagnostic value of NDE-Aβ42, which can outclass that of serum Aβ42. The developed electronic assay demonstrates, for the first time, nanosensor-driven NDE-Aβ42 detection, which enables a reliable discrimination of AD patients from non-AD individuals and even the differential diagnosis between AD and vascular dementia patients, with an accuracy of 100% and a Youden index of 1. This NDE-Aβ42 biosensor defines a robust approach for blood-based confident AD ascertain