Relative Entropy in CFT

By using Araki's relative entropy, Lieb's convexity and the theory of singular integrals, we compute the mutual information associated with free fermions, and we deduce many results about entropies for chiral CFT's which are embedded into free fermions, and their extensions. Such relative entropies in CFT are here computed explicitly for the first time in a mathematical rigorous way. Our results agree with previous computations by physicists based on heuristic arguments; in addition we uncover a surprising connection with the theory of subfactors, in particular by showing that a certain duality, which is argued to be true on physical grounds, is in fact violated if the global dimension of the conformal net is greater than $1.$Comment: 31 page

An Intermolecular Azidoheteroarylation of Simple Alkenes via Free-Radical Multicomponent Cascade Reactions

Based upon a radical polar effect, an intermolecular azidoheteroarylation of simple alkenes via a metal-free radical multicomponent cascade process was achieved. It allows a mild, rapid, and step-economic access to a broad range of azidoalkylated heteroaromatics. Given the diversity in transformations of organic azides and medicinally privileged scaffolds of heteroarenes, this strategy enables efficient synthesis and late-stage derivatization of drugs and candidates

Target effects of inhibitors of the MAP kinase and PI3K/Akt pathways and HDAC in various non-thyroid human cancer cells.

<p>The MEK inhibitor RDEA119, the Akt inhibitor perifosine, and the HDAC inhibitor SAHA were used to respectively target these signaling pathways or molecules. Cells were treated for 30 hrs with 0.5 µM RDEA119, 5 µM perifosine or 0.5 µM SAHA as indicated. DMSO or PBS was used in parallel as the vehicle control. Cells were lysed for Western blotting after treatments to reveal the levels of phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), and acetylated histone (Ac-His) with specific antibodies. “+”, treatment with the indicated inhibitor; “−”, treatment with vehicle.</p

Effects of the treatment with MEK, Akt and HDAC inhibitors on histone acetylation at the NIS promoter in M14, HepG2 and MKN-7 cells.

<p>Cells were treated with SAHA alone or SAHA in combination with RDEA119 and perifosine as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031729#pone-0031729-g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2</a>. Histone acetylation levels at the three regions (P1, P2, and P3) that comprise the minimal essential promoter of the <i>NIS</i> gene were analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031729#s4" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. Acetylation status of both histone H3 and H4 was examined using specific antibodies for ChIP. Non-specific IgG antibodies were used as control. The results for M14, HepG2 and MKN-7 cells are presented in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031729#pone-0031729-g004" target="_blank">Figs. 4a, 4b and 4c</a>, respectively. For each cell, the upper panel shows the actual results of PCR on the DNA fragments obtained by ChIP using non-specific control IgG, anti-acetylated H3 (Anti Ac-H3) antibody or anti-acetylated H4 (Anti Ac-H4) antibody. Identical amounts of pre-immunoprecipitation cell lysates from different treatment conditions were used to start the immunoprecipitation. An aliquot of pre-immunoprecipitation cell lysate was directly used to isolate DNA as “Input” control. The PCR results reflect the histone acetylation levels. Presented in the lower panel for each cell is a bar graph showing quantitatively the acetylation levels of H3 and H4 at the three regions of <i>NIS</i> promoter based on densitometric measurements of the upper panel. The results are normalized by dividing the corresponding input signals and are presented as the ratio of the indicated treatment over the control. “Control”, treatment of cells with vehicle; “SAHA”, treatment of cells with SAHA alone; “R+P+S”, treatment of cells with combined use of RDEA119, perifosine and SAHA.</p

Induction of radioiodine uptake in M14, HepG2 and MKN-7 cells by treatment with the MEK, Akt and HDAC inhibitors.

<p>Cells were treated with RDEA119, perifosine and SAHA as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031729#pone-0031729-g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2</a>, followed by incubation with Na¹²⁵I for 1 hr. Parallel cells were additionally treated with the NIS blocker NaClO₄ to obtain non-specific radioiodine uptake/binding with the cells. Cells were then washed, lysed, and measured for radioactivity. Cell radioiodine uptake is presented as cpm/10⁶ cells (on the y-axis of the figure) after correction for the non-specific radioiodine binding. Detailed experimental procedures are as described in the <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031729#s4" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. “Control”, treatment of cells with vehicle; “R+P+S”, treatment of cells with combination use of RDEA119, perifosine and SAHA. ** In comparison with control, p<0.01.</p

Western blotting analysis of NIS protein expression in M14, HepG2 and MKN-7 cells after treatment with the MEK, Akt and HDAC inhibitors.

<p>Cells were treated for 30 hrs with combination use of RDEA119, perifosine, and SAHA at the concentrations described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031729#pone-0031729-g001" target="_blank">Fig. 1</a>, followed by standard Western blotting analysis of cell lysates using the specific primary antibody against NIS. The expression level of ß-actin was analyzed in parallel for quality control. “Control”, treatment of cells with vehicle; “R+P+S”, treatment of cells with combined use of RDEA119, perifosine and SAHA.</p

NIS mRNA expression in different human cancer cells after drug treatments (mean±SD).^*

<p>*The data in the table represent folds of increase in NIS expression over the control treatment with DMSO/PBS as described in the <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0031729#s4" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. RD, RDEA119; PE, perifosine; SA, SAHA.</p

Context-adaptive based CU processing for 3D-HEVC

<div><p>The 3D High Efficiency Video Coding (3D-HEVC) standard aims to code 3D videos that usually contain multi-view texture videos and its corresponding depth information. It inherits the same quadtree prediction structure of HEVC to code both texture videos and depth maps. Each coding unit (CU) allows recursively splitting into four equal sub-CUs. At each CU depth level, it enables 10 types of inter modes and 35 types of intra modes in inter frames. Furthermore, the inter-view prediction tools are applied to each view in the test model of 3D-HEVC (HTM), which uses variable size disparity-compensated prediction to exploit inter-view correlation within neighbor views. It also exploits redundancies between a texture video and its associated depth using inter-component coding tools. These achieve the highest coding efficiency to code 3D videos but require a very high computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a context-adaptive based fast CU processing algorithm to jointly optimize the most complex components of HTM including CU depth level decision, mode decision, motion estimation (ME) and disparity estimation (DE) processes. It is based on the hypothesis that the optimal CU depth level, prediction mode and motion vector of a CU are correlated with those from spatiotemporal, inter-view and inter-component neighboring CUs. We analyze the video content based on coding information from neighboring CUs and early predict each CU into one of five categories i.e., DE-omitted CU, ME-DE-omitted CU, SPLIT CU, Non-SPLIT CU and normal CU, and then each type of CU adaptively adopts different processing strategies. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm saves 70% encoder runtime on average with only a 0.1% BD-rate increase on coded views and 0.8% BD-rate increase on synthesized views. Our algorithm outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of coding time saving or with better RD performance.</p></div

Overall coding time saving compared with the state-of-the-art fast 3D-HEVC algorithms (%).

<p>Overall coding time saving compared with the state-of-the-art fast 3D-HEVC algorithms (%).</p

Results of different components of our proposed method in an incremental fashion.

<p>(a) BD-rate result; (b) Coding time result.</p