Serum chemokine IL-8 acts as a biomarker for identifying COVID-19-associated persistent severe acute kidney injury

Persistent severe acute kidney injury (PS-AKI) is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Our study attempted to evaluate the diagnostic value of chemokines for early-stage PS-AKI prediction. According to the KDIGO criteria, 115 COVID-19 patients diagnosed with stage 2/3 AKI were recruited from the intensive care unit between December 2022 and February 2023. Primary clinical outcomes included detecting PS-AKI in the first week (≥ KDIGO stage 2 ≥ 72 h). Cytometric Bead Array was used to detect patient plasma levels (interleukin-8 (IL-8), C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), chemokine (C-X-C Motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9), and interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10)) of chemokines within 24 h of enrollment. Of the 115 COVID-19 patients with stage 2/3 AKI, 27 were diagnosed with PS-AKI. Among the four measured chemokines, only the IL-8 level was significantly elevated in the PS-AKI group than in the Non-PS-AKI group. IL-8 was more effective as a biomarker while predicting PS-AKI with an area under the curve of 0.769 (0.675-0.863). This was superior to other biomarkers related to AKI, including serum creatinine. Moreover, plasma IL-8 levels of >32.2 pg/ml on admission could predict PS-AKI risk (sensitivity = 92.6%, specificity = 51.1%). Additionally, the IL-8 level was associated with total protein and IL-6 levels. Plasma IL-8 is a promising marker for the early identification of PS-AKI among COVID-19 patients. These findings should be validated in further studies with a larger sample size.</p

Synthesis of Highly Substituted 2‑Arylindoles via Copper-Catalyzed Coupling of Isocyanides and Arylboronic Acids

Highly functionalized 2-arylindoles were synthesized from 2-alkenylarylisocyanides and arylboronic acids using a simple, inexpensive copper catalyst. The reaction exhibits excellent functional group tolerance for both the arylisocyanide and boronic acid coupling partners. To avoid the direct handling of the pungent arylisocyanide starting materials, continuous flow chemistry is further demonstrated to provide safe and effective access to 2-arylindoles through <i>in situ</i> dehydration and cyclization of easy-to-handle 2-alkenyl-<i>N</i>-formylanilines

Synthesis of Multisubstituted Pyridines

By utilizing amino allenes, aldehydes, and aryl iodides as readily available building blocks, a simple and modular synthesis of multisubstituted pyridines with flexible control over the substitution pattern has been achieved. The method employs a two-step procedure involving the preparation of “skipped” allenyl imines and a subsequent palladium-catalyzed cyclization

Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 1,2- and 1,3-Diamine Building Blocks from Aziridine Aldehyde Dimers

Vicinal aziridine-containing diamines have been obtained with high <i>syn</i>-stereoselectivity from readily available aziridine aldehyde dimers in the Petasis borono-Mannich reaction. Subsequent solvent- and/or nucleophile-dependent ring-opening of the aziridine ring yields functionalized 1,2- and 1,3-diamines with high regioselectivity. The ring opening is also influenced by the substitution at the C3 position of the aziridine. A mechanistic rationale for the highly <i>syn</i>-selective three-component reaction is proposed

Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 1,2- and 1,3-Diamine Building Blocks from Aziridine Aldehyde Dimers

Vicinal aziridine-containing diamines have been obtained with high <i>syn</i>-stereoselectivity from readily available aziridine aldehyde dimers in the Petasis borono-Mannich reaction. Subsequent solvent- and/or nucleophile-dependent ring-opening of the aziridine ring yields functionalized 1,2- and 1,3-diamines with high regioselectivity. The ring opening is also influenced by the substitution at the C3 position of the aziridine. A mechanistic rationale for the highly <i>syn</i>-selective three-component reaction is proposed

Boroalkyl Group Migration Provides a Versatile Entry into α-Aminoboronic Acid Derivatives

A reaction exemplifying migration of boron-substituted carbon is described. We show that α-boroalkyl groups of transient boroalkyl acyl azide intermediates readily migrate from carbon to nitrogen. This process allows access to a new class of stable molecules, α-boryl isocyanates, from α-borylcarboxylic acid precursors. The methodology facilitates synthesis of a wide range of α-aminoboronic acid derivatives, including α,α-disubstituted analogues

Additional file 2: of Transcriptomic analysis of the differentiating ovary of the protogynous ricefield eel Monopterus albus

Table S1. Sequences of oligonucleotide primers for RT-PCR and qPCR analysis. Table S2. List of Unigenes that were mapped to KEGG pathways. Table S3. Differentially expressed genes downregulated at 9 dph compared to those at 6 dph. Table S4. Differentially expressed genes upregulated at 9 dph compared to those at 6 dph. Table S5. Differentially expressed genes downregulated at 12 dph compared to those at 9 dph. Table S6. Differentially expressed genes upregulated at 12 dph compared to those at 9 dph. Table S7. Differentially expressed genes downregulated at 20 dph compared to those at 12 dph. Table S8. Differentially expressed genes upregulated at 20 dph compared to those at 12 dph. Table S9. Read counts and FPKM of wnt genes (XLSX 1557 kb

Role of Reversible Dimerization in Reactions of Amphoteric Aziridine Aldehydes

Unprotected aziridine aldehydes belong to the amphoteric class of molecules by virtue of their dual nucleophilicity/electrophilicity. The dimeric nature of these molecules, brought together by a weak and reversible aminal “connection”, was found to be an important element of reactivity control. We present evidence that reversible dimer dissociation is instrumental in aziridine aldehyde transformations. We anticipate further developments that will unveil other synthetic consequences of remote control of selectivity through forging reversible covalent interactions

Additional file 2: of KIR diversity in three ethnic minority populations in China

Table S1.  KIR diversity in three ethnic minority populations in China with other populations

Additional file 1: of KIR diversity in three ethnic minority populations in China

Figure S1. Map of China showing the city of three study populations. DNA samples of the Kazakh and Uyghur ethnic minority populations were collected from the Xinjiang autonomous region (Urumqi) of Northwest China, the Tibetan ethnic minority populations were collected from the Tibet autonomous region (Lhasa) of Southwest China