Measurement of Long-Range ¹H−H Dipolar Couplings in Weakly Aligned Proteins

Measurement of 1H−1H dipolar couplings in macromolecules, weakly oriented by a dilute liquid crystalline medium, is generally limited to the largest such interactions. By removing dipolar couplings to nearest neighbors, either by decoupling, deuteration, or both, more remote interactions become accessible. The approach is demonstrated for measurement of amide−amide interactions in the proteins calmodulin and ubiquitin and permits observation of direct dipolar couplings between protons up to 7 Å apart. Quantitative evaluation of 1H−1H dipolar couplings measured in ubiquitin shows excellent agreement with its solution structure

³¹P Chemical Shift Anisotropy as an Aid in Determining Nucleic Acid Structure in Liquid Crystals

31P Chemical Shift Anisotropy as an Aid in Determining Nucleic Acid Structure in Liquid Crystal

³¹P Chemical Shift Anisotropy as an Aid in Determining Nucleic Acid Structure in Liquid Crystals

31P Chemical Shift Anisotropy as an Aid in Determining Nucleic Acid Structure in Liquid Crystal

³¹P Chemical Shift Anisotropy as an Aid in Determining Nucleic Acid Structure in Liquid Crystals

31P Chemical Shift Anisotropy as an Aid in Determining Nucleic Acid Structure in Liquid Crystal

³¹P Chemical Shift Anisotropy as an Aid in Determining Nucleic Acid Structure in Liquid Crystals

31P Chemical Shift Anisotropy as an Aid in Determining Nucleic Acid Structure in Liquid Crystal

High-Accuracy Distance Measurement between Remote Methyls in Specifically Protonated Proteins

1H-1H distance restraints, derived from nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs) in macromolecules, are generally restricted to protons close in space and characterized by large inaccuracies due to spin diffusion. Perdeuteration of molecules with selective incorporation of protons into few specific methyl sites greatly reduces the effect of spin diffusion. The approach is demonstrated for the measurement of Ile-δ1 methyl−methyl interactions in the proteins γS-crystallin and ubiquitin and permits observation of the direct NOE transfer between protons up to 12 Å apart. Quantitative evaluation of intermethyl distances from experimental NOEs, in both ubiquitin and γS-crystallin, shows excellent agreement with their solution structure. This method is applicable to large proteins and is expected to be of particular interest for the structure determination of elongated or modular macromolecules or complexes

MOESM1 of IFN-γ down-regulates the PD-1 expression and assist nivolumab in PD-1-blockade effect on CD8+ T-lymphocytes in pancreatic cancer

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The average tumor sizes of 0.1 μg/ml mAb-IFN-γ, IFN-γ, 0.1 μg/ml mAb and Ctrl groups on 31 days after the injection of BxPC-3 cells

Table1_Analysis of the risk factors for secondary hemorrhage after abdominal surgery.xls

IntroductionThis study aimed to conduct a clinical review and analysis to recommend options for the prevention and treatment of postoperative hemorrhage.Patients and MethodsA total of 138 patients who experienced postoperative hemorrhage after abdominal surgery in the period between January 2015 and December 2020 at the Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, affiliated to Zhejiang University School of Medicine, participated in this study. They were divided into a group with primary bleeding only and a secondary bleeding group. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed, followed by plotting of cumulative hazard and survival curves for the two groups.ResultsThe main factors of interest found to be associated with secondary hemorrhage were duration of the operation, the time of the first bleeding incident, intervention time, performance of combined organ resection, use of surgical intervention, occurrence of abdominal infection, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), postoperative length of stay, and total hospitalization expenses. Among these, a long operative duration (>5 h) and an extended intervention time (>5 h) were identified as independent predictors of risk of secondary hemorrhage.ConclusionsSecondary hemorrhage after abdominal surgery is mainly associated with subjective human factors, and it is an important cause of poor prognosis and even death. Proper reductions in operation time and implementation of a quick response to bleeding are the key factors in tackling bleeding. Further reduction in the rates of postoperative hemorrhage and mortality will require a concerted effort by surgeons in terms of both intraoperative surgical techniques and postoperative management.</p

Coupling Downscaling and Calibrating Methods for Generating High-Quality Precipitation Data with Multisource Satellite Data in the Yellow River Basin

Remote sensing precipitation data have the characteristics of wide coverage and revealing spatiotemporal information, but their spatial resolution is low. The accuracy of the data is obviously different in different study areas and hydrometeorological conditions. This study evaluated four precipitation products in the Yellow River basin from 2001 to 2019, constructed the optimal combined product, conducted downscaling with various machine algorithms, and performed corrections using meteorological station precipitation data to analyze the spatiotemporal trends of precipitation. The results showed that (1) GPM and MSWEP had the best four evaluation indicators, with R2 values of 0.93 and 0.90, respectively, and the smallest FSE and RMSE, with a BIAS close to 0. A high-precision mixed precipitation dataset, GPM-MSWEP, was constructed. (2) Among the three methods, the downscaling results of DFNN showed higher accuracy. (3) The results, after correction with GWR, could more effectively enhance the accuracy of the data. (4) Precipitation in the Yellow River Basin showed a decreasing trend in January, September, and December, while it exhibited an increasing trend in other months and seasons, with 2002 and 2016 being points of abrupt change. This study provides a reference for the production of high-precision satellite precipitation products in the Yellow River basin.</p