The effect of long-term <i>in vivo</i> fluoxetine treatment on the excitability of FS interneurons and pyramidal neurons.

<p>A, B, Plot of spike numbers (mean ± SEM) in response to different current (500 ms) injections in PFC FS interneurons and pyramidal neurons from rats i.p. injected with saline or fluoxetine for 21 days. *: p<0.01, <i>t</i> test. C, D, Representative AP recordings in response to injected currents in FS interneurons and pyramidal neurons from saline- or fluoxetine-injected rats. Scale bars: 20 mV, 50 ms.</p

The effect of 5-HT on AP firing in PFC neurons from fluoxetine-treated rats.

<p>A, Representative AP recordings showing the effect of 5-HT (2 µM) in a FS interneurons and a pyramidal neuron from saline- or fluoxetine-injected rats. Scale bars: 20 mV, 50 ms. B, Cumulative data (mean ± SEM) showing the percentage change of the firing rate by 5-HT (2 µM) in FS interneurons and pyramidal neurons from saline- or fluoxetine-injected rats. *: p<0.01, <i>t</i> test.</p

Different 5-HT receptors mediate the effect of 5-HT on AP firing in PFC FS interneurons and pyramidal neurons.

<p>A, C, Representative AP recordings showing the effect of 5-HT (20 µM) in the presence of the 5-HT₂ antagonist Ketanserin (10 µM) or the 5-HT₁ antagonist NAN190 (10 µM) in a FS interneuron and a pyramidal neuron. Scale bars: 20 mV, 50 ms. B, D, Cumulative data (mean ± SEM) showing the percentage changes of the firing rate by 5-HT (20 µM) in the presence of different antagonists in FS interneurons and pyramidal neurons.</p

The effect of 5-HT on AP firing in FS interneurons and pyramidal neurons of PFC.

<p>A, Representative AP recordings showing the effect of 5-HT (20 µM) in a FS interneuron and a pyramidal neuron. Scale bars: 20 mV, 50 ms. B, Cumulative data (mean ± SEM) showing the percentage change of the firing rate by different doses of 5-HT in FS interneurons and pyramidal neurons.</p

The effect of <i>in vitro</i> fluoxetine application on AP firing in FS interneurons and pyramidal neurons of PFC.

<p>A, Representative AP recordings showing that effect of bath application of fluoxetine (10 µM) in a FS interneuron and a pyramidal neuron. Scale bars: 20 mV, 50 ms. B, Cumulative data (mean ± SEM) showing the percentage change of the firing rate by different doses of fluoxetine in FS interneurons and pyramidal neurons.</p

Presentation_1_Electron Bifurcation and Confurcation in Methanogenesis and Reverse Methanogenesis.PDF

<p>Reduction of the disulfide of coenzyme M and coenzyme B (CoMS–SCoB) by heterodisulfide reductases (HdrED and HdrABC) is the final step in all methanogenic pathways. Flavin-based electron bifurcation (FBEB) by soluble HdrABC homologs play additional roles in driving essential endergonic reactions at the expense of the exergonic reduction of CoMS–SCoM. In the first step of the CO₂ reduction pathway, HdrABC complexed with hydrogenase or formate dehydrogenase generates reduced ferredoxin (Fdx^2-) for the endergonic reduction of CO₂ coupled to the exergonic reduction of CoMS–SCoB dependent on FBEB of electrons from H₂ or formate. Roles for HdrABC:hydrogenase complexes are also proposed for pathways wherein the methyl group of methanol is reduced to methane with electrons from H₂. The HdrABC complexes catalyze FBEB-dependent oxidation of H₂ for the endergonic reduction of Fdx driven by the exergonic reduction of CoMS–SCoB. The Fdx^2- supplies electrons for reduction of the methyl group to methane. In H₂^- independent pathways, three-fourths of the methyl groups are oxidized producing Fdx^2- and reduced coenzyme F₄₂₀ (F₄₂₀H₂). The F₄₂₀H₂ donates electrons for reduction of the remaining methyl groups to methane requiring transfer of electrons from Fdx^2- to F₄₂₀. HdrA1B1C1 is proposed to catalyze FBEB-dependent oxidation of Fdx^2- for the endergonic reduction of F₄₂₀ driven by the exergonic reduction of CoMS–SCoB. In H₂^- independent acetotrophic pathways, the methyl group of acetate is reduced to methane with electrons derived from oxidation of the carbonyl group mediated by Fdx. Electron transport involves a membrane-bound complex (Rnf) that oxidizes Fdx^2- and generates a Na⁺ gradient driving ATP synthesis. It is postulated that F₄₂₀ is reduced by Rnf requiring HdrA2B2C2 catalyzing FBEB-dependent oxidation of F₄₂₀H₂ for the endergonic reduction of Fdx driven by the exergonic reduction of CoMS–SCoB. The Fdx^2- is recycled by Rnf and HdrA2B2C2 thereby conserving energy. The HdrA2B2C2 is also proposed to play a role in Fe(III)-dependent reverse methanogenesis. A flavin-based electron confurcating (FBEC) HdrABC complex is proposed for nitrate-dependent reverse methanogenesis in which the oxidation of CoM-SH/CoB-SH and Fdx^2- is coupled to reduction of F₄₂₀. The F₄₂₀H₂ donates electrons to a membrane complex that generates a proton gradient driving ATP synthesis.</p

Flexible Radiative Cooling Textiles Based on Composite Nanoporous Fibers for Personal Thermal Management

Passive radiative cooling textiles can reflect sunlight and dissipate heat directly to the outside space without any energy input. However, radiative cooling textiles with high performance, large scalability, cost effectiveness, and high biodegradability are still uncommon. Herein, we exploit a porous fiber-based radiative cooling textile (PRCT) via nonsolvent-induced phase separation and scalable roll-to-roll electrospinning technology. Nanopores are introduced into single fibers, and the pore size can be accurately optimized by managing the relative humidity of the spinning environment. The anti-ultraviolet radiation and superhydrophobicity of textiles were improved by the introduction of core–shell silica microspheres. An optimized PRCT yields a strong solar reflectivity of 98.8% and atmospheric window emissivity of 97%, which results in a sub-ambient temperature drop of 4.5 °C, with the solar intensity over 960 W·m–2 and 5.5 °C at night. For personal thermal management, it is demonstrated that the PRCT can obtain a temperature drop of 7.1 °C compared to the bare skin under direct sunlight. Given the excellent optical and cooling properties, flexibility, and self-cleaning property, PRCT was demonstrated to be a potential candidate for commercial applications in multifarious complex scenarios to afford a style for global decarbonization

Table_1_The moderating effect of perceived organizational support: The impact of psychological capital and bidirectional work-family nexuses on psychological wellbeing in tourism.docx

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has inflicted unprecedented damage on the tourism industry. However, the psychological health fallout of COVID-19 on tour guides has not received empirical attention yet. Therefore, the present study aims to examine how psychological capital (PsyCap) improve tour guides’ psychological wellbeing (PWB), the mediating effects of work-family conflict (WFC), family-work conflict (FWC), work-family facilitation (WFF) and family-work facilitation (FWF), and the moderating effect of perceived organizational support (POS). For this quantitative research, the data were collected from 276 tour guides in China. The results indicate that PsyCap significantly mitigates two directions of work-family conflict and intensifies two directions of work-family facilitation in order to promote tour guides’ PWB. Furthermore, POS moderates the direct effects of two directions of conflict and facilitation on PWB and also moderates the indirect effects of PsyCap on the aforesaid outcome via two directions of conflict and facilitation. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations and future research directions are provided.</p

Flexible Radiative Cooling Textiles Based on Composite Nanoporous Fibers for Personal Thermal Management

Passive radiative cooling textiles can reflect sunlight and dissipate heat directly to the outside space without any energy input. However, radiative cooling textiles with high performance, large scalability, cost effectiveness, and high biodegradability are still uncommon. Herein, we exploit a porous fiber-based radiative cooling textile (PRCT) via nonsolvent-induced phase separation and scalable roll-to-roll electrospinning technology. Nanopores are introduced into single fibers, and the pore size can be accurately optimized by managing the relative humidity of the spinning environment. The anti-ultraviolet radiation and superhydrophobicity of textiles were improved by the introduction of core–shell silica microspheres. An optimized PRCT yields a strong solar reflectivity of 98.8% and atmospheric window emissivity of 97%, which results in a sub-ambient temperature drop of 4.5 °C, with the solar intensity over 960 W·m–2 and 5.5 °C at night. For personal thermal management, it is demonstrated that the PRCT can obtain a temperature drop of 7.1 °C compared to the bare skin under direct sunlight. Given the excellent optical and cooling properties, flexibility, and self-cleaning property, PRCT was demonstrated to be a potential candidate for commercial applications in multifarious complex scenarios to afford a style for global decarbonization