Efekti betaina kao dodatka u ishrani na neke proizvodne osobine šarana (cyprinus carpio l.) gajenog u recirkulacionom sistemu

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ustanove efekti betaina kao dadatka u ishrani na stopu preživljavanja, prirast i konverziju hrane kod šarana (Cyprinus carpio L.), gajenog u recirkulacionom sistemu. Četrdeset i osam jedinki šarana čija je prosečna početna težina bila 1238.13±39.19 - 1241.25±29.73 g podeljeni su u tri grupe. Eksperiment je rađen u duplikatu. Ribe su gajene u betonskim tankovima zapremine 0.8 m3, koji su pripadali recirkulacionom sistemu. Riba je hranjena ekstrudiranom hranom ”Aqua VITAL“, koju proizvodi “Aqua garant“. Veličina peleta bila je 6 mm. 1% betaina dodat je hrani šarana koji je pripadao eksperimentalnoj grupi EG1, dok je hrana za drugu eksperimentalnu grupu (EG2) sadržala 3% betaina. Šaran iz kontrolne grupe (CG) nije dobijao betain u ishrani. Hrana kojom je riba hranjena predstavljala je 2% težine ribe. Ogled je trajao 60 dana, a kontrolni ulov obavljen je 30-og dana da bi se ispitao uticaj betaina kao dodatka u ishrani na prirast i odnos konverzije hrane kod šarana (Cyprinus carpio L.), koji se gaji u recirkulacionom sistemu. Težina ribe (g) na kontrolnom ulovu ustanovljena je tako što je svaka jedinka pojedinačno merena. Finalna težina šarana iz eksperimentalnih i kontrolnih grupa iznosila je: EG1 – 1727.50±40.52 g, EG2 – 1749.39±33.45 g and CG – 1646.88±26.51 g. Vrednosti ovog parametra kod ribe iz druge eksperimentalne grupe EG2 bile su više nego kod jedinki iz EG1 (1.27%) i CG (6.22%), međutim razlike nisu bile značajne (P>0.05). Prosečni individualni prirast kod šarana iz dve replikacione kontrolne grupe bio je 406.25±20.61 g, što je 20.46% i 25.08% niže nego kod riba koje su dobijale 1% i 3% betaina, dok su razlike bile značajne (P<0.001). Najbolji koeficijent konverzije hrane bio je kod šarana iz EG2 - 1.49. Ova osobina je imala niže vrednosti nego kod riba iz EG1 (3.36% ) i CG (24.16%) (P<0.001). Kada je reč o stopi preživljavanja riba iz svih grupa, diskrepance nisu uočene. Ekonomska efikasnost grupe koje je dobijala 1% betaina bila je 1.66, što je niže nego kod EG2 (10.34%) i CG (15.66%)

The Importance of Developing Communication Skills in Students from the Public Health Inspector Specialty

Introduction: The problem of developing the communication culture of future public health inspectors (PHIs) is considered to be of practical importance and requires special attention during their basic training.Aim: To identify the need for public health inspector communication skills development during the training process at the Medical College (MC).Materials and Methods: A questionnaire survey of 116 inspectors working in the system of the Regional Health Inspection (RHI) in seven regional cities was conducted, as were interviews with 16 experts in the field of public health, 21 young inspectors (who finished their education over the last 5 years), and 30 students in the specialty of Public Health Inspector at the Medical College of Varna.Results: Over half of the surveyed inspectors (56.9%) consider that they need to have specific communication skills in their work. The majority of students and young professionals interviewed (80%) stated a need for additional training on topics related to professional communication. Conclusion: The fundamentals of all specialized knowledge and competences for the acquisition of communication skills should be laid during the PHIs’ training in the MC. This should be achieved through a specialized training course as part of the mandatory curriculum

Beneficial effects of medicinal plants in fish diseases

Fish are constantly in contact with pathogens inhabiting water. High populationdensity as well as poor hydrodynamic conditions and feeding lead to an increased sensitivitytowards infections. In order to prevent major economic losses due to diseases, variousmedications are used for treatment and prevention of infections. The use of antimicrobialdrugs in aquacultures could lead to emergence of resistance in pathogenic microorganisms.Alternatives are being sought over the last few years to replace antibiotics, and medicinalplants are one of available options for this purpose. These plants are rich in secondarymetabolites and phytochemical compounds, which have an effect against viral, bacterial, andparasitic diseases in fish. Their main advantage is their natural origin and most of these plantsdo not represent threat for human health, the fish, and the environment. The goal of this reviewis to present information on the treatment of viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases in fishthrough medicinal plants, with focus on the mechanisms of action of the identified secondarymetabolites, fractions, or plant extracts

Impact of marketing communication mix on business results of SMEs

Marketing communications show a favorable impact on all aspects of the company’s activities. They play an essential role in shaping the final economic results. The purpose of the research is to study the effects of elements for marketing communication mix on the business results of selected small and medium enterprises in Stara Zagora district, Bulgaria. The collection of primary data has been developed and disseminated to the owners/managers of SME’s survey. The research uses a descriptive and casual research approach to identify the impact of individual communication elements - advertising, sales promotion, and direct marketing on some financial parameters, such as the profit, sales, and profitability of the companies. The result shows statistical significance between advertising, sales promotion, and financial indicators: profit and net sales revenue. Recommendations were made to the SME managers regarding the use of promotional activities, using communication channels to inform and keep up to date customers, the effectiveness of the types of media, and more

Effect of monosodium glutamate on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.)

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary monosodium glutamate (MSG) on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.). Materials and Methods: A total of 200 trouts were allotted in five experimental groups (n=40) that for 60 days received feed supplemented with MSG at the following levels: 0% (K) or 0.5% (E) or 1% (F) or 3% (G) or 5% (H). Results: The average initial weight of trouts was 116.68±1.51 g (K), 116.58±1.33 g (E), 116.43±1.39 g (F), 117.40±1.47 g (G), and 115.95±1.88 g (H). At the end of the trial, control fish (K) had the lowest live weight (242.90±3.87 g) compared to Groups E (252.70±5.69 g), F (250.93±4.82 g), G (248.25±4.98 g), and H (247.95±4.74 g). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of control group (K) was higher (1.11±0.02) versus FCR values established in Groups E (1.03±0.01), F (1.04±0.02), G (1.07±0.03), and H (1.06±0.02). Albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, magnesium, and triglyceride exhibited statistically significant differences versus controls. Conclusion: The results from the study showed that dietary supplementation of rainbow trouts with MSG increased live weight and reduced FCR. The optimum level of MSG recommended for addition to feed was 0.5%

Effect of monosodium glutamate on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.)

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary monosodium glutamate (MSG) on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.). Materials and Methods: A total of 200 trouts were allotted in five experimental groups (n=40) that for 60 days received feed supplemented with MSG at the following levels: 0% (K) or 0.5% (E) or 1% (F) or 3% (G) or 5% (H). Results: The average initial weight of trouts was 116.68±1.51 g (K), 116.58±1.33 g (E), 116.43±1.39 g (F), 117.40±1.47 g (G), and 115.95±1.88 g (H). At the end of the trial, control fish (K) had the lowest live weight (242.90±3.87 g) compared to Groups E (252.70±5.69 g), F (250.93±4.82 g), G (248.25±4.98 g), and H (247.95±4.74 g). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of control group (K) was higher (1.11±0.02) versus FCR values established in Groups E (1.03±0.01), F (1.04±0.02), G (1.07±0.03), and H (1.06±0.02). Albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus, magnesium, and triglyceride exhibited statistically significant differences versus controls. Conclusion: The results from the study showed that dietary supplementation of rainbow trouts with MSG increased live weight and reduced FCR. The optimum level of MSG recommended for addition to feed was 0.5%.</jats:p

Impact of marketing communication mix on business results of SMEs

Marketing communications show a favorable impact on all aspects of the company’s activities. They play an essential role in shaping the final economic results. The purpose of the research is to study the effects of elements for marketing communication mix on the business results of selected small and medium enterprises in Stara Zagora district, Bulgaria. The collection of primary data has been developed and disseminated to the owners/managers of SME’s survey. The research uses a descriptive and casual research approach to identify the impact of individual communication elements - advertising, sales promotion, and direct marketing on some financial parameters, such as the profit, sales, and profitability of the companies. The result shows statistical significance between advertising, sales promotion, and financial indicators: profit and net sales revenue. Recommendations were made to the SME managers regarding the use of promotional activities, using communication channels to inform and keep up to date customers, the effectiveness of the types of media, and more.</jats:p