Low-complexity optimization for Two-Dimensional Direction-of-arrival Estimation via Decoupled Atomic Norm Minimization

This paper presents an efficient optimization technique for super-resolution two-dimensional (2D) direction of arrival (DOA) estimation by introducing a new formulation of atomic norm minimization (ANM). ANM allows gridless angle estimation for correlated sources even when the number of snapshots is far less than the antenna size, yet it incurs huge computational cost in 2D processing. This paper introduces a novel formulation of ANM via semi-definite programming, which expresses the original high-dimensional problem by two decoupled Toeplitz matrices in one dimension, followed by 1D angle estimation with automatic angle pairing. Compared with the state-of-the-art 2D ANM, the proposed technique reduces the computational complexity by several orders of magnitude with respect to the antenna size, while retaining the benefits of ANM in terms of super-resolution performance with use of a small number of measurements, and robustness to source correlation and noise. The complexity benefits are particularly attractive for large-scale antenna systems such as massive MIMO and radio astronomy

Criteria and favorable distribution area prediction of Paleogene effective sandstone reservoirs in the Lufeng Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin

As the focus of conventional oil and gas exploration is changing from shallow to deep layers, the identification of deep effective reservoirs is crucial to exploration and development. In this paper, based on the geological anatomy of oil and gas reservoirs, a new discriminatory criterion and evaluation method for effective reservoirs is proposed in combination with the analysis of reservoir formation dynamics mechanism. The results show that the hydrocarbon properties of the reservoir vary with the ratio of the capillary force between the sandstone reservoir and its surrounding rock. The effective reservoir is discriminated and the reservoir quality is evaluated based on the capillary force and depth of the surrounding media and the sandstone reservoir for adjacent plates. When the capillary force ratio is greater than 0.6, fewer effective reservoirs are developed. The effective reservoir is determined by the capillary force ratio of the sandstone reservoir and the surrounding rock medium to mechanically explain the geological phenomenon that low-porosity reservoirs can also accumulate hydrocarbons. Our findings have significant guiding value for Paleogene oil and gas exploration in the Zhu I depression of Pearl River Mouth Basin.Cited as: Yu, S., Wang, C., Chen, D., Guo, B., Cai, Z., Xu, Z. Criteria and favorable distribution area prediction of Paleogene effective sandstone reservoirs in the Lufeng Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2022, 6(5): 388-401. https://doi.org/10.46690/ager.2022.05.0

Effects of Tire Pressures and Test Temperatures on Permanent Deformation of Direct Coal Liquefaction Residue Mixture

The main objective of this research is to investigate the permanent deformation of asphalt mixtures containing direct coal liquefaction residue (DCLR) under various tire pressures and temperatures. Three types of asphalt mixtures, including control/DCLR/composite-DCLR modified asphalt mixture, were prepared by the Marshall design method. The rutting test was conducted under a tire pressure range of 0.7–1.0 MPa with a 0.1-MPa interval and at a temperature range of 55–70°C with a 5°C interval. Moreover, the dynamic stability and rutting depth of three asphalt mixtures were obtained to evaluate their resistance of permanent deformation. It was found that the rutting resistance of three asphalt mixtures declines with the increased tire pressures and temperatures. The asphalt mixture containing DCLR has a higher dynamic stability and lower rutting depth compared to the control asphalt mixture under the same conditions. Furthermore, the rutting resistance of composite-DCLR modified asphalt mixture is better than that of DCLR modified asphalt mixture. It indicates that the composite-DCLR is favorable for the improvement of rutting resistance of asphalt mixture. Moreover, the analysis of variance was applied, which analysis results showed that the rutting resistance of asphalt mixture is more sensitive to temperature than tire pressure. Based on the least-squares procedure, the relationship between dynamic stability and rutting depth was obtained, and the accuracy of the prediction is acceptable

Carnosol Modulates Th17 Cell Differentiation and Microglial Switch in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Medicinal plants as a rich pool for developing novel small molecule therapeutic medicine have been used for thousands of years. Carnosol as a bioactive diterpene compound originated from Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) and Salvia officinalis, herbs extensively applied in traditional medicine for the treatment of multiple autoimmune diseases (1). In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and molecule mechanism of carnosol in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Carnosol treatment significantly alleviated clinical development in the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35–55) peptide-induced EAE model, markedly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration into the central nervous system and reduced demyelination. Further, carnosol inhibited Th17 cell differentiation and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation, and blocked transcription factor NF-κB nuclear translocation. In the passive-EAE model, carnosol treatment also significantly prevented Th17 cell pathogenicity. Moreover, carnosol exerted its therapeutic effects in the chronic stage of EAE, and, remarkably, switched the phenotypes of infiltrated macrophage/microglia. Taken together, our results show that carnosol has enormous potential for development as a therapeutic agent for autoimmune diseases such as MS

VLSI Implementation of Double-Base Scalar Multiplication on a Twisted Edwards Curve with an Efficiently Computable Endomorphism

The verification of an ECDSA signature requires a double-base scalar multiplication, an operation of the form $k \cdot G + l \cdot Q$ where $G$ is a generator of a large elliptic curve group of prime order $n$, $Q$ is an arbitrary element of said group, and $k$, $l$ are two integers in the range of $[1, n-1]$. We introduce in this paper an area-optimized VLSI design of a Prime-Field Arithmetic Unit (PFAU) that can serve as a loosely-coupled or tightly-coupled hardware accelerator in a system-on-chip to speed up the execution of double-base scalar multiplication. Our design is optimized for twisted Edwards curves with an efficiently computable endomorphism that allows one to reduce the number of point doublings by some 50% compared to a conventional implementation. An example for such a special curve is $-x^2 + y^2 = 1 + x^2y^2$ over the 207-bit prime field $F_p$ with $p = 2^{207} - 5131$. The PFAU prototype we describe in this paper features a ($16 \times 16$)-bit multiplier and has an overall silicon area of 5821 gates when synthesized with a $0.13\mu$ standard-cell library. It can be clocked with a frequency of up to 50 MHz and is capable to perform a constant-time multiplication in the mentioned 207-bit prime field in only 198 clock cycles. A complete double-base scalar multiplication has an execution time of some 365k cycles and requires the pre-computation of 15 points. Our design supports many trade-offs between performance and RAM requirements, which is a highly desirable property for future Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications

Mixed QCD⊗EW\text{QCD} \otimes \text{EW} corrections to charged Higgs pair production in THDM at electron-positron colliders

We calculate the two-loop mixed QCD$\otimes$EW corrections for the charged Higgs boson pair production within the framework of four types of Two Higgs Doublet Models (THDMs) with the $Z_2$ symmetry. We analyze in detail the dependences of our results on physical parameters, including the charged Higgs mass, $\tan\beta$, the scattering angle, and the colliding energy. It is noticeable that the mixed QCD$\otimes$EW relative correction is independent of the scattering angle due to the topology of Feynman diagrams at $O(\alpha\alpha_s)$. Numerical results in most allowed regions of four types of THDMs are provided in the density plots on the $m_{H^{\pm}}$-$\tan\beta$ plane. For type-I and type-X, the mixed QCD$\otimes$EW relative correction varies slightly near $1\%$ except in the vicinity of resonance. For type-II and type-Y, the corrections increase consistently in large $\tan\beta$ region and reach up to $11.5\%$ at $\tan\beta = 50$. We also compute the $O(\alpha)$ corrections to obtain the corrected cross section up to $O(\alpha\alpha_s)$. The numerical results show that the corrected cross section can be larger than $80\ \mathrm{fb}$ in some parameter space region for type-I and type-X THDMs.Comment: 26 pages, 7 figure