Additional file 1 of Effects of ankle–foot orthoses on gait parameters in post-stroke patients with different Brunnstrom stages of the lower limb: a single-center crossover trial

Additional file 1: Figure S1. AFO used in this study

Interfacing Dense NiFe@N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes on a Ni Hollow Fiber as a High-Current-Density Gas-Penetrable Electrode for Selective CO₂ Electroreduction

Despite proven as effective in overcoming the limitations of low CO2 solubility and inefficient diffusion, traditional gas-diffusion electrodes used in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions (eCO2RR) still face challenges, such as flooding and salt precipitation, and thus exhibit insufficient efficiency and durability at high current densities. Herein, an integrated gas-penetrable electrode (GPE) is developed by interfacially growing dense N-doped carbon nanotubes, embedded with NiFe alloy nanoparticles, on the outer surface of a Ni hollow fiber (NiFe@NCNTs/Ni HF). Thanks to improved mass transfer and the abundance of well-established triphase reaction interfaces, the NiFe@NCNTs/Ni HF GPE exhibits a high CO Faradaic efficiency (FECO) of over 90% across a wide potential range of 240 mV. Furthermore, it displays significantly enhanced partial current density (jCO) of up to 171.7 mA cm–2 at −1.03 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Notably, this GPE maintains stable FECO and jCO values for 42 h. This work demonstrates an effective strategy for developing integrated GPEs for efficient eCO2RR by addressing the mass transfer limitation while achieving high efficiency and durability at high current densities

Interfacing Dense NiFe@N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes on a Ni Hollow Fiber as a High-Current-Density Gas-Penetrable Electrode for Selective CO₂ Electroreduction

Despite proven as effective in overcoming the limitations of low CO2 solubility and inefficient diffusion, traditional gas-diffusion electrodes used in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions (eCO2RR) still face challenges, such as flooding and salt precipitation, and thus exhibit insufficient efficiency and durability at high current densities. Herein, an integrated gas-penetrable electrode (GPE) is developed by interfacially growing dense N-doped carbon nanotubes, embedded with NiFe alloy nanoparticles, on the outer surface of a Ni hollow fiber (NiFe@NCNTs/Ni HF). Thanks to improved mass transfer and the abundance of well-established triphase reaction interfaces, the NiFe@NCNTs/Ni HF GPE exhibits a high CO Faradaic efficiency (FECO) of over 90% across a wide potential range of 240 mV. Furthermore, it displays significantly enhanced partial current density (jCO) of up to 171.7 mA cm–2 at −1.03 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Notably, this GPE maintains stable FECO and jCO values for 42 h. This work demonstrates an effective strategy for developing integrated GPEs for efficient eCO2RR by addressing the mass transfer limitation while achieving high efficiency and durability at high current densities

Insight into Selectivity Differences of Glycerol Electro-Oxidation on Pt(111) and Ag(111)

Electro-oxidation is a way to utilize glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel production, to produce fuels and feedstock chemicals for the chemical industry. A significant challenge is to get products with high selectivity, so it is desirable to understand the glycerol oxidation mechanisms in further detail. Using density functional theory calculations, we investigated possible glycerol oxidation intermediates on Pt(111) and Ag(111). We find that the different adsorption preferences of the intermediates on Pt (adsorption via carbon atoms) and Ag (adsorption via oxygen atoms) lead to different preferred reaction pathways, resulting in different products. The reaction pathways on both surfaces involve glyceraldehyde as a key intermediate; however, upon further oxidation, Pt(111) preferentially produces glyceric acid (CH2OH–CHOH–COOH), while on Ag(111) C–C bonds are broken, which leads to the production of glycolaldehyde and formic acid (CH2OH–CHO and HCOOH). These predictions agree well with the experimental outcome of the electro-oxidation of glycerol on Pt and Ag surfaces. Our study therefore provides useful insights for optimizing the selectivity of glycerol oxidation and improving the utilization of glycerol

Interfacing Dense NiFe@N-Doped Carbon Nanotubes on a Ni Hollow Fiber as a High-Current-Density Gas-Penetrable Electrode for Selective CO₂ Electroreduction

Despite proven as effective in overcoming the limitations of low CO2 solubility and inefficient diffusion, traditional gas-diffusion electrodes used in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions (eCO2RR) still face challenges, such as flooding and salt precipitation, and thus exhibit insufficient efficiency and durability at high current densities. Herein, an integrated gas-penetrable electrode (GPE) is developed by interfacially growing dense N-doped carbon nanotubes, embedded with NiFe alloy nanoparticles, on the outer surface of a Ni hollow fiber (NiFe@NCNTs/Ni HF). Thanks to improved mass transfer and the abundance of well-established triphase reaction interfaces, the NiFe@NCNTs/Ni HF GPE exhibits a high CO Faradaic efficiency (FECO) of over 90% across a wide potential range of 240 mV. Furthermore, it displays significantly enhanced partial current density (jCO) of up to 171.7 mA cm–2 at −1.03 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Notably, this GPE maintains stable FECO and jCO values for 42 h. This work demonstrates an effective strategy for developing integrated GPEs for efficient eCO2RR by addressing the mass transfer limitation while achieving high efficiency and durability at high current densities

Promoting Effect of Sulfur Addition on the Catalytic Performance of Ni/MgAl₂O₄ Catalysts for Isobutane Dehydrogenation

Ni/MgAl₂O₄ catalysts with high NiO loadings were highly active for isobutane cracking, which led to abundant formation of methane, hydrogen and coke. The results of activity testing and XRD characterization jointly revealed that large ensembles of metallic nickel species formed during reaction notably catalyzed cracking instead of dehydrogenation. However, after introduction of sulfur into Ni/MgAl₂O₄ catalyst through impregnation with ammonium sulfate, undesired cracking reactions were effectively inhibited, and the selectivity to isobutene increased remarkably. Totally, up to ∼42 wt % isobutene could be obtained at 560 °C in a single pass after the modification. From the characterization results, it was also concluded that, after sulfur introduction, NiO particles became much smaller and better dispersed on the catalyst surface. NiS species, formed during the induction period of the reaction, not only facilitated isobutene desorption from the catalyst, but also constituted the active sites for isobutane dehydrogenation. In addition, due to the appearance of NiS species, Ni/MgAl₂O₄ catalyst after H₂S/H₂ sulfuration exhibited a high initial activity without experiencing an induction period, further confirming the crucial role that introduced sulfur played

Comparative Effectiveness of Oral Drug Therapies for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms due to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are common in elder men and a number of drugs alone or combined are clinically used for this disorder. But available studies investigating the comparative effects of different drug therapies are limited. This study was aimed to compare the efficacy of different drug therapies for LUTS/BPH with network meta-analysis.</p><p>Materials and Methods</p><p>An electronic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing different drug therapies for LUTS/BPH within 24 weeks. Comparative effects were calculated using Aggregate Data Drug Information System. Consistency models of network meta-analysis were created and cumulative probability was used to rank different therapies.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total 66 RCTs covering seven different therapies with 29384 participants were included. We found that α-blockers (ABs) plus phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) ranked highest in the test of IPSS total score, storage subscore and voiding subscore. The combination therapy of ABs plus 5α-reductase inhibitors was the best for increasing maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) with a mean difference (MD) of 1.98 (95% CI, 1.12 to 2.86) as compared to placebo. ABs plus muscarinic receptor antagonists (MRAs) ranked secondly on the reduction of IPSS storage subscore, although monotherapies including MRAs showed no effect on this aspect. Additionally, PDE5-Is alone showed great effectiveness for LUTS/BPH except Qmax.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Based on our novel findings, combination therapy, especially ABs plus PDE5-Is, is recommended for short-term treatment for LUTS/BPH. There was also evidence that PDE5-Is used alone was efficacious except on Qmax. Additionally, it should be cautious when using MRAs. However, further clinical studies are required for longer duration which considers more treatment outcomes such as disease progression, as well as basic research investigating mechanisms involving PDE5-Is and other pharmacologic agents alleviate the symptoms of LUTS/BPH.</p></div

PRISMA flowchart of literature searches and results.

<p>RCT =  randomized controlled trials.</p

Forest plot for meta-analysis of the overall effect as measured by Qmax.

<p>The difference of Qmax between comparisons was calculated as mean difference (MD) and MD above 0 favors the drug therapy on the left header. If the 95% confidence intervals (CI) did not include 0, it means the difference is significant. ABs  =  α-blockers. 5ARIs  =  5α-reductase inhibitors. MRAs  =  muscarinic receptor antagonists. PDE5-Is  =  phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors.</p

turnings in

turn vThe second method [ raising income for the Methodist Church] is by what is called in the commercial phrase of this Country "turnings in," that is those of our Congregations who have not cash at command give in to the Merchants stores of fish or oil and this is transferred to the credit of the Missionaries and as it is produce taken from the Planter in the account current for the year and not at cash prices we cannot _demand cash_ from the _Merchant_. [Extract from Chairman of a Committee, Chairman Pickavant, to Committee in Londons in June, 1833]PRINTED ITEM DNE-citG.M. Story MAY 1970 JH MAY 1970Used I and SupUsed I4Used Imake, spread v, turning, turn around, turncoat, turner, turn-out, turn-out ha