Multiplexed Free-Standing Nanowire Transistor Bioprobe for Intracellular Recording: A General Fabrication Strategy

Recent advance in free-standing nanowire transistor bioprobes opens up new opportunities of accurately interfacing spatially unobstructed nanoscale sensors with live cells. However, the existing fabrication procedures face efficiency and yield limitations when working with more complex nanoscale building blocks to integrate, for example, multiplexed recordings or additional functionalities. To date, only single-kinked silicon nanowires have been successfully used in such probes. Here we establish a general fabrication strategy to mitigate such limitations with which synthetically designed complex nanoscale building blocks can be readily used without causing significant penalty in yield or fabrication time, and the geometry of the probe can be freely optimized based on the orientation and structure of the building blocks. Using this new fabrication framework, we demonstrate the first multiplexed free-standing bioprobe based on w-shaped silicon kinked nanowires that are synthetically integrated with two nanoscale field-effect transistor devices. Simultaneous recording of intracellular action potentials from both devices have been obtained of a single spontaneously beating cardiomyocyte

Determination of a new chromone from <i>Aurantii Fructus Immaturus by</i> DFT/GIAO method

<div><p>Investigation of EtOAc fraction from the 95% ethanol extract of <i>Aurantii Fructus</i><i>Immaturus</i> led to the isolation of one new chromone (<b>1</b>) and seven known flavonoids (<b>2</b>–<b>8</b>). Their structures were elucidated mainly by NMR and HR-ESI-MS, as well as on comparison with the reported NMR data. The final substituent pattern of <b>1</b> was defined by comparison of ¹³C NMR data calculated by DFT/GIAO with those of experimental NMR data.</p></div

DataSheet1_Equivalent of distribution network with distributed photovoltaics for electromechanical transient study based on user-defined modeling.ZIP

As more and more distributed photovoltaics (PVs) are installed in distribution networks, the dynamic characteristics of PVs affect the operation of the bulk power system. Accurate simulation of PV characteristics is essential for the needs of power system transient security and stability analysis. However, because of the large number of distributed PVs, detailed modeling of each PV significantly increases the electromechanical transient simulation time. The equivalent study of distribution networks with distributed PVs is needed to improve simulation efficiency. However, existing equivalent methods of PVs mainly focus on centralized PVs but are unsuitable for distributed PVs with significantly different dynamic characteristics. To improve simulation efficiency, this paper proposes an equivalent method of the distribution network with distributed PVs for electromechanical transient study based on user-defined (UD) modeling. Firstly, the equivalent structure of the distribution network is established. The static equivalent of the transmission lines and the dynamic equivalent model of loads are carried out. Then, a UD model based on PSASP is established for the dynamic equivalent of the distributed PVs. Compared with the current PV models in simulation software, the UD model has multiple sets of parameters for the equivalent of distributed PVs with different dynamic characteristics. Finally, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to obtain the parameters of the equivalent PV. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified under an example of a distribution network with PVs in PSASP. </p

Kinked p–n Junction Nanowire Probes for High Spatial Resolution Sensing and Intracellular Recording

Semiconductor nanowires and other semiconducting nanoscale materials configured as field-effect transistors have been studied extensively as biological/chemical (bio/chem) sensors. These nanomaterials have demonstrated high-sensitivity from one- and two-dimensional sensors, although the realization of the ultimate pointlike detector has not been achieved. In this regard, nanoscale p–n diodes are attractive since the device element is naturally localized near the junction, and while nanowire p–n diodes have been widely studied as photovoltaic devices, their applications as bio/chem sensors have not been explored. Here we demonstrate that p–n diode devices can serve as a new and powerful family of highly localized biosensor probes. Designed nanoscale axial p–n junctions were synthetically introduced at the joints of kinked silicon nanowires. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the kinked nanowire structures were achieved, and electrical transport measurements exhibited rectifying behavior with well-defined turn-on in forward bias as expected for a p–n diode. In addition, scanning gate microscopy demonstrated that the most sensitive region of these nanowires was localized near the kinked region at the p–n junction. High spatial resolution sensing using these p–n diode probes was carried out in aqueous solution using fluorescent charged polystyrene nanobeads. Multiplexed electrical measurements show well-defined single-nanoparticle detection, and experiments with simultaneous confocal imaging correlate directly the motion of the nanobeads with the electrical signals recorded from the p–n devices. In addition, kinked p–n junction nanowires configured as three-dimensional probes demonstrate the capability of intracellular recording of action potentials from electrogenic cells. These p–n junction kinked nanowire devices, which represent a new way of constructing nanoscale probes with highly localized sensing regions, provide substantial opportunity in areas ranging from bio/chem sensing and nanoscale photon detection to three-dimensional recording from within living cells and tissue

Total Synthesis of (−)-Oridonin: An Interrupted Nazarov Approach

An enantioselective total synthesis of (−)-oridonin is accomplished based on a key interrupted Nazarov reaction. The stereochemistry of the Nazarov/Hosomi–Sakurai cascade was first explored to forge a tetracyclic skeleton with challenging quaternary carbons. A delicate sequence of two ring-rearrangements and late-stage redox manipulations was carried out to achieve the de novo synthesis of this highly oxidized ent-kauranoid

Total Synthesis of (−)-Oridonin: An Interrupted Nazarov Approach

An enantioselective total synthesis of (−)-oridonin is accomplished based on a key interrupted Nazarov reaction. The stereochemistry of the Nazarov/Hosomi–Sakurai cascade was first explored to forge a tetracyclic skeleton with challenging quaternary carbons. A delicate sequence of two ring-rearrangements and late-stage redox manipulations was carried out to achieve the de novo synthesis of this highly oxidized ent-kauranoid

Total Synthesis of (−)-Oridonin: An Interrupted Nazarov Approach

An enantioselective total synthesis of (−)-oridonin is accomplished based on a key interrupted Nazarov reaction. The stereochemistry of the Nazarov/Hosomi–Sakurai cascade was first explored to forge a tetracyclic skeleton with challenging quaternary carbons. A delicate sequence of two ring-rearrangements and late-stage redox manipulations was carried out to achieve the de novo synthesis of this highly oxidized ent-kauranoid

Total Synthesis of (−)-Oridonin: An Interrupted Nazarov Approach

An enantioselective total synthesis of (−)-oridonin is accomplished based on a key interrupted Nazarov reaction. The stereochemistry of the Nazarov/Hosomi–Sakurai cascade was first explored to forge a tetracyclic skeleton with challenging quaternary carbons. A delicate sequence of two ring-rearrangements and late-stage redox manipulations was carried out to achieve the de novo synthesis of this highly oxidized ent-kauranoid