Effects of N fertilizer placement and N rate on distributions of urea-¹⁵N in wheat plants.

<p>Effects of N fertilizer placement and N rate on distributions of urea-¹⁵N in wheat plants.</p

Effects of N fertilizer placement and N rate on grain yield, straw yield, aboveground biomass, root biomass and harvest index (HI) of winter wheat.

<p>Effects of N fertilizer placement and N rate on grain yield, straw yield, aboveground biomass, root biomass and harvest index (HI) of winter wheat.</p

Effects of N fertilizer placement and N rate on N derived from fertilizer (Ndff) and from soil (Ndfs) of wheat plants.

<p>Effects of N fertilizer placement and N rate on N derived from fertilizer (Ndff) and from soil (Ndfs) of wheat plants.</p

The Effect of N Fertilizer Placement on the Fate of Urea-¹⁵N and Yield of Winter Wheat in Southeast China - Fig 2

<p>The distribution of urea-N residual in soil at (a) 60, (b) 150 and (c) 240 kg ha^-1. ** Significant at <i>p</i><0.01, * Significant at <i>p</i><0.05, NS, not significant.</p

Effects of N fertilizer placement and N rate on N content and N accumulation in grain, straw and roots of winter wheat.

<p>Effects of N fertilizer placement and N rate on N content and N accumulation in grain, straw and roots of winter wheat.</p

Effects of N fertilizer placement and N rate on urea-¹⁵N recovery in wheat.

<p>Effects of N fertilizer placement and N rate on urea-¹⁵N recovery in wheat.</p

The monthly mean rainfall and mean temperature during the wheat growing season from 2014 to 2015.

<p>The monthly mean rainfall and mean temperature during the wheat growing season from 2014 to 2015.</p

Percentages of N recoveries in wheat, and in soils (0–80 cm) and the unaccounted N losses.

<p>Percentages of N recoveries in wheat, and in soils (0–80 cm) and the unaccounted N losses.</p

Effect of N Fertilization Pattern on Rice Yield, N Use Efficiency and Fertilizer–N Fate in the Yangtze River Basin, China

<div><p>High N loss and low N use efficiency (NUE), caused by high N fertilizer inputs and inappropriate fertilization patterns, have become important issues in the rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) growing regions of southern China. Changing current farmer fertilizer practice (FFP, 225 kg ha^–1 N as three applications, 40% as basal fertilizer, 30% as tillering fertilizer and 30% as jointing fertilizer) to one—time root—zone fertilization (RZF, 225 kg ha^–1 N applied once into 10 cm deep holes positioned 5 cm from the rice root as basal fertilizer) will address this problem. A two—year field experiment covering two rice growing regions was conducted to investigate the effect of urea one—time RZF on rice growth, nutrient uptake, and NUE. The highest NH₄⁺–N content for RZF at fertilizer point at 30 d and 60 d after fertilization were 861.8 and 369.9 mg kg^–1 higher than FFP, respectively. Rice yield and total N accumulation of RZF increased by 4.3–44.9% and 12.7–111.2% compared to FFP, respectively. RZF reduced fertilizer—N loss by 56.3–81.9% compared to FFP. The NUEs following RZF (mean of 65.8% for the difference method and 43.7% for the labelled method) were significantly higher than FFP (mean of 35.7% for the difference method and 14.4% for the labelled method). In conclusion, RZF maintained substantial levels of fertilizer—N in the root—zone, which led to enhanced rice biomass and N uptake during the early growth stages, increased fertilizer—N residual levels and reduced fertilizer—N loss at harvest. RZF produced a higher yield increment and showed an increased capacity to resist environmental threats than FFP in sandy soils. Therefore, adopting suitable fertilizer patterns plays a key role in enhancing agricultural benefits.</p></div

Bichromatic Imaging with Hemicyanine Fluorophores Enables Simultaneous Visualization of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metastatic Intestinal Cancer

Simultaneous detection of different diseases via a single fluorophore is challenging. We herein report a bichromatic fluorophore named Cy-914 for the simultaneous diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metastatic intestinal cancer by leveraging its NIR-I/NIR-II dual-color imaging capability. Cy-914 with a pKa of 6.98 exhibits high sensitivity to pH and viscosity, showing turn-on NIR-I fluorescence at 795 nm in an acidic tumor microenvironment, meanwhile displaying intense NIR-II fluorescence at 914/1030 nm under neutral to slightly basic viscous conditions. Notably, Cy-914 could sensitively and noninvasively monitor viscosity variations in the progression of NAFLD. More importantly, it was able to simultaneously visualize NAFLD (ex/em = 808/1000–1700 nm) and intestinal metastases (ex/em = 570/810–875 nm) in two independent channels without spectral cross interference after topical spraying, further improving fluorescence-guided surgery of tiny metastases less than 3 mm. This strategy may provide an understanding for developing multi-color fluorophores for multi-disease diagnosis