Beating Effects of Vector Solitons in Bose-Einstein Condensate

We study the beating effects of solitons in multi-component coupled Bose-Einstein condensate systems. Our analysis indicate that the period of beating behavior is determined by the energy eigenvalue difference in the effective quantum well induced by solitons, and the beating pattern is determined by the eigen-states of quantum well which are involved in the beating behavior. We show that the beating solitons correspond to linear superpositions of eigen-states in some quantum wells, and the correspondence relations are identical for solitons in both attractive interaction and repulsive interaction condensate. This provides a possible way to understand the beating effects of solitons for attractive and repulsive interaction cases in a unified way, based on the knowledge of quantum eigen-states. Moreover, our results demonstrate many different beating patterns for solitons in three-component coupled condensate, in sharp contrast to the beating dark soliton reported before. The beating behavior can be used to test the eigenvalue differences of some certain quantum wells, and more abundant beating patterns are expected to exist in more components coupled systems.Comment: 7 papes, 3 figure

On the topological pressure of the saturated set with non-uniform structure

We derive a conditional variational principle of the saturated set for systems with the non-uniform structure. Our result applies to a broad class of systems including beta-shifts, S-gap shifts and their factors.Comment: 15 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1605.07283; text overlap with arXiv:1304.5497 by other author