Rice farmer’s poverty and its determinants: evidence from Dogofiri village of Office du Niger zone in Mali

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to contribute to a better understanding of rice farmer’s poverty of Office du Niger (ON) in Mali at village-level. Data were collected through survey with 110 head family farms in the village of Dogofiri. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the main determinants of poverty. Results indicated that the factors of physical capital and human capital as well as government policy have a significant influence on the poverty of family farms through production, age, family size, education and health support, agricultural credit and water fees. Policies aimed to improve the family farm’s income and boosting rice production to alleviate poverty ought to be based on these factors.</div

Table_1_Strawberry Vein Banding Virus Movement Protein P1 Interacts With Light-Harvesting Complex II Type 1 Like of Fragaria vesca to Promote Viral Infection.DOCX

Chlorophyll a/b-binding protein of light-harvesting complex II type 1 like (LHC II-1L) is an essential component of photosynthesis, which mainly maintains the stability of the electron transport chain. However, how the LHC II-1L protein of Fragaria vesca (FvLHC II-1L) affects viral infection remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the movement protein P1 of strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV P1) interacted with FvLHC II-1L in vivo and in vitro by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and pull-down assays. SVBV P1 was co-localized with FvLHC II-1L at the edge of epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and FvLHC II-1L protein expression was upregulated in SVBV-infected F. vesca. We also found that FvLHC II-1L effectively promoted SVBV P1 to compensate for the intercellular movement of movement-deficient potato virus X (PVXΔP25) and the systemic movement of movement-deficient cucumber mosaic virus (CMVΔMP). Transient overexpression of FvLHC II-1L and inoculation of an infectious clone of SVBV showed that the course of SVBV infection in F. vesca was accelerated. Collectively, the results showed that SVBV P1 protein can interact with FvLHC II-1L protein, which in turn promotes F. vesca infection by SVBV.</p

Image_1_Strawberry Vein Banding Virus Movement Protein P1 Interacts With Light-Harvesting Complex II Type 1 Like of Fragaria vesca to Promote Viral Infection.JPEG

Chlorophyll a/b-binding protein of light-harvesting complex II type 1 like (LHC II-1L) is an essential component of photosynthesis, which mainly maintains the stability of the electron transport chain. However, how the LHC II-1L protein of Fragaria vesca (FvLHC II-1L) affects viral infection remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the movement protein P1 of strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV P1) interacted with FvLHC II-1L in vivo and in vitro by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and pull-down assays. SVBV P1 was co-localized with FvLHC II-1L at the edge of epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and FvLHC II-1L protein expression was upregulated in SVBV-infected F. vesca. We also found that FvLHC II-1L effectively promoted SVBV P1 to compensate for the intercellular movement of movement-deficient potato virus X (PVXΔP25) and the systemic movement of movement-deficient cucumber mosaic virus (CMVΔMP). Transient overexpression of FvLHC II-1L and inoculation of an infectious clone of SVBV showed that the course of SVBV infection in F. vesca was accelerated. Collectively, the results showed that SVBV P1 protein can interact with FvLHC II-1L protein, which in turn promotes F. vesca infection by SVBV.</p

Additional file 9 of Integrated next-generation sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analysis of leaves provides novel insights into the ethylene pathway of Chrysanthemum morifolium in response to a Chinese isolate of chrysanthemum virus B

Additional file 9: Table S8. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of the significant differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) of Chrysanthemum morifolium responding to infection with the Chinese isolate of chrysanthemum virus B (CVB-CN)

Additional file 1 of Integrated next-generation sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analysis of leaves provides novel insights into the ethylene pathway of Chrysanthemum morifolium in response to a Chinese isolate of chrysanthemum virus B

Additional file 1: Table S1. List of primers used in this study

Additional file 1 of Strawberry vein banding virus-based vector for transient overexpression in strawberry plants

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Symptoms in strawberry plants agroinfiltrated with SVBV-based vectors. Light-green vein banding symptoms in strawberry plants agroinfiltrated with pSVBV-P1-MCS or pSVBV-P1-GFP (a) and pSVBV-P4-MCS or pSVBV-P4-GFP (b) at 35 dpi

Additional file 4 of Integrated next-generation sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analysis of leaves provides novel insights into the ethylene pathway of Chrysanthemum morifolium in response to a Chinese isolate of chrysanthemum virus B

Additional file 4: Table S3. Full-length genome sequence of the Chinese isolate of chrysanthemum virus B (CVB-CN)

Hydrogel-Based Bioprocess for Scalable Manufacturing of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Stem Cells

Neural stem cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-NSCs) are of great value for modeling diseases, developing drugs, and treating neurological disorders. However, manufacturing high-quantity and -quality hPSC-NSCs, especially for clinical applications, remains a challenge. Here, we report a chemically defined, high-yield, and scalable bioprocess for manufacturing hPSC-NSCs. hPSCs are expanded and differentiated into NSCs in microscale tubes made with alginate hydrogels. The tubes are used to isolate cells from the hydrodynamic stresses in the culture vessel and limit the radial diameter of the cell mass to less than 400 μm to ensure efficient mass transport during the culture. The hydrogel tubes provide uniform, reproducible, and cell-friendly microspaces and microenvironments for cells. With this new technology, we showed that hPSC-NSCs could be produced in 12 days with high viability (∼95%), high purity (>90%), and high yield (∼5 × 108 cells/mL of microspace). The volumetric yield is about 250 times more than the current state-of-the-art. Whole transcriptome analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that hPSC-NSCs made by this process had a similar gene expression to hPSC-NSCs made by the conventional culture technology. The produced hPSC-NSCs could mature into both neurons and glial cells in vitro and in vivo. The process developed in this paper can be used to produce large numbers of hPSC-NSCs for various biomedical applications in the future

Additional file 10 of Integrated next-generation sequencing and comparative transcriptomic analysis of leaves provides novel insights into the ethylene pathway of Chrysanthemum morifolium in response to a Chinese isolate of chrysanthemum virus B

Additional file 10: Table S9. Significant differentially expressed genes (SDEGs) in leaves of Chrysanthemum morifolium implicated in transcription and transcription regulation during infection with the Chinese isolate of chrysanthemum virus B (CVB-CN)

Additional file 2 of Strawberry vein banding virus-based vector for transient overexpression in strawberry plants

Additional file 2: Table S1. Primers used in the study