Pulmonary alveolar type I cell population consists of two distinct subtypes that differ in cell fate.

Pulmonary alveolar type I (AT1) cells cover more than 95% of alveolar surface and are essential for the air-blood barrier function of lungs. AT1 cells have been shown to retain developmental plasticity during alveolar regeneration. However, the development and heterogeneity of AT1 cells remain largely unknown. Here, we conducted a single-cell RNA-seq analysis to characterize postnatal AT1 cell development and identified insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (Igfbp2) as a genetic marker specifically expressed in postnatal AT1 cells. The portion of AT1 cells expressing Igfbp2 increases during alveologenesis and in post pneumonectomy (PNX) newly formed alveoli. We found that the adult AT1 cell population contains both Hopx+Igfbp2+ and Hopx+Igfbp2- AT1 cells, which have distinct cell fates during alveolar regeneration. Using an Igfbp2-CreER mouse model, we demonstrate that Hopx+Igfbp2+ AT1 cells represent terminally differentiated AT1 cells that are not able to transdifferentiate into AT2 cells during post-PNX alveolar regeneration. Our study provides tools and insights that will guide future investigations into the molecular and cellular mechanism or mechanisms underlying AT1 cell fate during lung development and regeneration

Experimental observation of superscattering

Superscattering, induced by degenerate resonances, breaks the fundamental single-channel limit of scattering cross section of subwavelength structures; in principle, an arbitrarily large total cross section can be achieved via superscattering. It thus provides a unique way to strengthen the light-matter interaction at the subwavelength scale, and has many potential applications in sensing, energy harvesting, bio-imaging (such as magnetic resonance imaging), communication and optoelectronics. However, the experimental demonstration of superscattering remains an open challenge due to its vulnerability to structural imperfections and intrinsic material losses. Here we report the first experimental evidence for superscattering, by demonstrating the superscattering simultaneously in two different frequency regimes through both the far-field and near-field measurements. The underlying mechanism for the observed superscattering is the degenerate resonances of confined surface waves, by utilizing a subwavelength metasurface-based multilayer structure. Our work paves the way towards practical applications based on superscattering

CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOACTIVE PHYTOCHEMICALS FROM THE STEM BARK OF AFRICAN MAHOGANY Khaya senegalensis (MELIACEAE)

ABSTRACT African mahogany Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A. Juss (Meliaceae) is a large tree growing mainly in the sub-Saharan savannah forests from Senegal to Uganda. This plant is one of the most popular medicinal meliaceous plants in traditional African remedies, used as a bitter tonic, folk and popular medicine against malaria, fever, mucous diarrhea, and venereal diseases as well as an anthelmintic and a taeniacide remedy. Its extracts and chemical constituents have been the subject of extensive phytochemical and pharmacological investigations since 1960s. Anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anthelmintic, and antiplasmodial activities of plant extracts have been reported. Limonoids with anti-feeding, feeding deterrent and growth inhibitory properties, anti-fungal, and anti-sickling activity, as well as dimeric flavonoids with immunostimulating activity have been isolated from different parts of this plant. However, none of extracts or pure chemicals has been screened for biological activity such as antioxidant activity and anti-proliferative capacity against human cancer cell lines. Therefore, the main object of this study was to screen bioactive ingredients with anticancer and antioxidant activities from the plant through purification, isolation, structural elucidation, and bioassays. Eleven natural products were isolated from the methanolic extract of stem bark of Khaya senegalensis after extraction and purification, especially through crystallization and modern column chromatographic techniques using normal phase and reverse phase silica gel columns, Sephadex LH-20, MCI CHP20P, prep-HPLC, etc. Their structures were determined to be two ring D-seco limonoids 3, 7-dideacetylkhivorin (1) and 1, 3, 7-trideacetylkhivorin (2), mexicanoloid limonoid khayanone (3), five khayanolide limonoids 1-O-deacetylkhayanolide B (4), khayanolide B (5), khayanolide E (6), 1-O-deacetylkhayanolide E (7), and novel 6-dehydroxykhayanolide E (8), three lignans (-)-lyoniresinol (9), (-)-lyoniresin-9-yl-D-xylopyranoside (10), and (-)-lyoniresin-4\u27-yl-D-glucopyranoside (11), respectively, through various spectroscopic methods including IR, EI-MS (HREI-MS), LC-ESI-MS (accurate ESI-MS), extensive 1D and 2D NMR (1H , 13C, DEPT, 1H-1H COSY, HMQC or HSQC, HMBC, NOESY), and X-ray diffraction experiments. The structures and stereochemistry of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 were confirmed through X-ray crystallography. Based on the X-ray diffraction analyses and NMR data, two reported khayanolides 12 and 13 are, in fact, 1-O-acetylkhayanolide B 4 and khayanolide B 5, respectively, and two reported phragmalins 14 and 15 are, in fact, khayanolide E 6 and 1-O-deacetylkhayanolide E 7, respectively. In the anti-proliferative bioassay, 1 and 2 showed significant growth inhibitory activities against MCF-7, SiHa, and Caco-2 tumor cells with IC50 values in the range of 35-69 microgram/ml, while other compounds did not show anticancer activity even at high concentration 200 microgram/ml; 9, 10, 11 exhibited strong antioxidant activities comparable to that of BHT, regarding the DPPH free scavenging activity

Individualized analysis reveals CpG sites with methylation aberrations in almost all lung adenocarcinoma tissues

Additional file 1: Table S1. Stable and reversal CpG site pairs identified in the samples measured by two platforms

Comparison of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites in Experimental and Natural Populations of Wild Tomatillos, Physalis longifolia Nutt.

We conducted a field experiment to determine the effects of mulch, fertilizer, and mycelium on biomass and important secondary metabolite concentrations in the edible and medicinal plant Physalis longifolia Nutt., with the hypothesis that increased plant stress (i.e., no mulch, fertilizer, or mycelium) would decrease biomass production and increase secondary compound content. Experimental cultivated plots and natural populations of P. longifolia were evaluated for the abundance of major bioactive withanolides previously isolated from the species: withalongolide A (1), withaferin A (2), and withalongolide B (3). Results indicated negligible differences between experimental treatments in biomass yield and withanolide abundance. However, withanolide concentrations from wild populations varied considerably with some being much higher than the source population used in the experiment. These results suggest that variation in secondary compound concentrations among wild populations is an important consideration when selecting source material for the cultivation of medicinal plants

Experimental Observation of Superscattering

Superscattering, induced by degenerate resonances, breaks the fundamental single-channel limit of the scattering cross section of subwavelength structures; in principle, an arbitrarily large total cross section can be achieved via superscattering. It thus provides a unique way to strengthen the light-matter interaction at the subwavelength scale, and has many potential applications in sensing, energy harvesting, bioimaging (such as magnetic resonance imaging), communication, and optoelectronics. However, the experimental demonstration of superscattering remains an open challenge due to its vulnerability to structural imperfections and intrinsic material losses. Here we report the first experimental evidence for superscattering by demonstrating the superscattering simultaneously in two different frequency regimes through both the far-field and near-field measurements. The underlying mechanism for the observed superscattering is the degenerate resonances of confined surface waves, by utilizing a subwavelength metasurface-based multilayer structure. Our work paves the way towards practical applications based on superscattering

Application of Support Vector Machine Model in Mine Gas Safety Level Prediction

For the limitation of traditional information fusion technology in the mine gas safety class predicition, an intelligent algorithm is proposed in which Genetic Algorithms is adopted to optimize the parameters of the least squares support vector machine and establishes a multi-sensor information fusion model GA-LSSVM which overcomes the subjectivity and blindness on parameters selection, and thus improves its classification accuracy and convergence speed. Experimental results show that compared to the least squares support vector machine model not been optimized and the least squares support vector machine model optimized by the grid searching algorithm, GA-LSSVM model can be a good solution on the issue of the high-dimensional, nonlinear and uncertainty of the small sample in coal mine underground environment level evaluation. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i5.436

Investigación sobre la integración de la educación, la tecnología y el desarrollo del talento en la inteligencia artificial bajo la perspectiva de las nuevas fuerzas productivas de calidad

This paper elucidates the roles of education, technology and talent, and investigates the relationships among them. It highlights that education is fundamental, technology crucial, and talent the cornerstone. University serves as the basic units, academic disciplines as the optimal intersection points, and innovation is identified as the common denominator. Drawing on practical experiments on the integration of education, technology, and talent development conducted in Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), this paper introduces the integration of the institute’s AI-based educational system ChatBIT, which is designed to be controllable and trustworthy, and analyzes how AI is driving educational revolution. Finally, it proposes a strategy for the integrated development of education, technology and talent in the AI field, emphasizing strategic leadership by aligning with national needs and strengthening foundational research, system restructuring by breaking down disciplinary barriers to unleash original innovation, and innovative practice by integrating the transformation chain to create a high ground for cultivating outstanding talents.Este artículo explica el papel de la educación, la tecnología y el talento, e investiga sus relaciones. Destaca que la educación es fundamental, la tecnología crucial y el talento la piedra angular. La universidad funciona como unidad básica, las disciplinas académicas como puntos de intersección óptimos y la innovación se identifica como el denominador común. Basándose en experimentos prácticos sobre la integración de la educación, la tecnología y el desarrollo del talento realizados en el Instituto de Tecnología de Beijing (BIT), este artículo presenta la integración del sistema educativo basado en IA ChatBIT del instituto, diseñado para ser controlable y confiable, y analiza cómo la IA está impulsando la revolución educativa. Finalmente, propone una estrategia para el desarrollo integrado de la educación, la tecnología y el talento en el campo de la IA, enfatizando el liderazgo estratégico mediante la alineación con las necesidades nacionales y el fortalecimiento de la investigación fundamental, la reestructuración del sistema mediante la eliminación de barreras disciplinarias para impulsar la innovación original, y la práctica innovadora mediante la integración de la cadena de transformación para crear una base sólida para cultivar talentos excepcionales

Chlorinated Withanolides from Withania somnifera

A chlorinated withanolide, 6α-chloro-5β,17α-dihydroxywithaferin A (1), and nine known withanolides, 6α-chloro-5β-hydroxywithaferin A (2), (22R)-5β-formyl-6β,27-dihydroxy-1-oxo-4-norwith-24-enolide, withaferin A, 2,3-dihydrowithaferin A, 3-methoxy-2,3-dihydrowithaferin A, 2,3-didehydrosomnifericin, withanone, withanoside IV and withanoside X, were isolated from Withania somnifera (Solanaceae). All structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods (IR, HRESIMS, 1D/2D NMR). X-ray crystallography confirmed the absolute configuration of 1