Potential of Religious-Cognitive Tourism in Polish Cittaslow Towns

Most of the Polish Cittaslow towns “due to limited accessibility resulting from both their peripheral location (and often underdeveloped public transport network), as well as a lack of adequate tourist facilities, tend to lose, in terms of tourist attractiveness, against the big cities in their vicinity” (Zawadzka 2017c, p. 91). However “silence and calmness – the rarest goods of the modern western world” (Zawadzka 2017c, p. 101) prevailing in these towns, as well as the cultural heritage (numerous monument churches) translate into a t large potential of religious-cognitive tourism. The article fills the gap regarding Polish Cittaslow towns, because much is written about the Cittaslow towns in the context of slow tourism, sustainable tourism and green tourism, while religious-cognitive tourism is barely mentioned and does not appear in scientific studies. The aim of this article is to explore the religious and cognitive areas of the city of Cittaslow by identifying (1) Christian symbols in the coats of arms of cities. (2) significant sacred buildings and (3) towns of Cittaslow through which the Road of Saint Jacob passes. The potential of religious-cognitive tourism in polish Cittaslow towns is determined based on preassigned point values. The study was largely predicated on desk research methods

Wykorzystanie Ekstrakcji Sekwencyjnej Do Oceny Zagrożeń Dla Środowiska Powodowanych Przez Żużle I Popioły Z Procesu Termicznego Przekształcania Odpadów

Thermal treatment of waste is one of the ways of their processing. It is commonly used in most developed countries of the European Union. Major by-products of the combustion processes are slag and bottom ash. In the majority of EU countries bottom ash and slag are used as a priming for road construction. In Poland slag and bottom ash from incineration process are stabilized with the addition of cement and some polymers and are landfilled as wastes. In accordance to Polish law, depending on the leaching of heavy metals from fly ash and slag after thermal treatment of waste can be regarded as both hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. At present work sequential extraction methods described in the literature: Tessier’s method, van Herck’s method and BCR method were compared experimentally with the results of using Swiss standard TVA.SA.1991 and European standard EN 12457 and total concentration of metals in sample analyzed after complete digestion of sample. The study sample was bottom ash from the medical waste incineration plant.Termiczne przekształcanie odpadów jest jednym ze sposobów ich przetwarzania. Głównymi produktami ubocznymi procesu spalania są żużel i popiół paleniskowy. W większości krajów UE są one wykorzystywane gospodarczo. W Polsce żużle i popioły po termicznym przekształcaniu stabilizuje się z dodatkiem cementu i polimerów i składuje jako odpad. Zgodnie z obowiązującym prawem, w zależności od wymywalności metali ciężkich, żużel i popioły po termicznym przekształcaniu odpadów mogą być uznawane zarówno za odpady niebezpieczne, jak i inne niż niebezpieczne. W pracy porównano doświadczalnie metody ekstrakcji sekwencyjnej opisane w literaturze: metodę Tessiera, metodę van Hercka oraz metodę BRC. Badaniu poddano próbkę popiołu pochodzącą ze spalarni odpadów medycznych

Analysis of the impact of the eastern ring road of Lodz on selected components of the environment

The geographical location of Poland and the pursuit of economic growth make it necessary to build a sufficiently equipped and compact network of expressways and motorways. Such investments do not, however, leave the environment unaffected. The work analyzes changes that have occurred in the natural environment under the influence of the construction and operation of Lodz eastern ring road being a section of the A1 motorway commissioned in August 2016. Changes in the pollution of air, soil and acoustic climate are discussed in detail

Association of germline genetic variants in RFC, IL15 and VDR genes with minimal residual disease in pediatric B-cell precursor ALL

Minimal residual disease (MRD) enables reliable assessment of risk in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, little is known on association between MRD status and germline genetic variation. We examined 159 Caucasian (Slavic) patients with pediatric ALL, treated according to ALL-IC-BFM 2002/2009 protocols, in search for association between 23 germline polymorphisms and MRD status at day 15, day 33 and week 12, with adjustment for MRD-associated clinical covariates. Three variants were significantly associated with MRD: rs1544410 in VDR (MRD-day15); rs1051266 in RFC (MRD-day33, MRD-week12), independently and in an additive effect with rs10519613 in IL15 (MRD-day33). The risk alleles for MRD-positivity were: A allele of VDR (OR = 2.37, 95%CI = 1.07–5.21, P = 0.03, MRD-day15); A of RFC (OR = 1.93, 95%CI = 1.05–3.52, P = 0.03, MRD-day33 and MRD-week12, P < 0.01); A of IL15 (OR = 2.30, 95%CI = 1.02–5.18, P = 0.04, MRD-day33). The risk for MRD-day33-positive status was higher in patients with risk alleles in both RFC and IL15 loci than in patients with risk alleles in one locus or no risk alleles: 2 vs. 1 (OR = 3.94, 95% CI = 1.28–12.11, P = 0.024), 2 vs. 0 (OR = 6.75, 95% CI = 1.61–28.39, P = 0.012). Germline variation in genes related to pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of anti-leukemic drugs and to anti-tumor immunity of the host is associated with MRD status and might help improve risk assessment in ALL

Wokół rekodyfikacji prawa cywilnego. Prace jubileuszowe

Praca recenzowana / Peer-reviewed paperPrezentowana książka to głos w debacie nad stanem naszej kodyfikacji cywilnej. Jubileusz 50-lecia uchwalenia Kodeksu cywilnego, Kodeksu rodzinnego i opiekuńczego oraz Kodeksu postępowania cywilnego zbiega się z jubileuszem Profesora Janusza Szwai1. Profesor, wybitny cywilista, obchodzi swoje 80. urodziny, mija także 50 lat od obrony przez Niego doktoratu. Jest to doskonała okazja by przyjrzeć się propozycjom zmian prawa cywilnego płynących z różnych środowisk akademickich. Wszak dużą część swojego życia Profesor Szwaja poświęcił pracom legislacyjnym, ich komentowaniu czy krytykowaniu. Sam aktywnie w zmianach różnych kodyfikacji uczestniczył. Jego poglądy zawsze były wyważone. Dziś właśnie taki wyważony głos w dyskusji nad kształtem polskiego prawa cywilnego stał się niezbędny

Notes for genera: basal clades of Fungi (including Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota)

Compared to the higher fungi (Dikarya), taxonomic and evolutionary studies on the basal clades of fungi are fewer in number. Thus, the generic boundaries and higher ranks in the basal clades of fungi are poorly known. Recent DNA based taxonomic studies have provided reliable and accurate information. It is therefore necessary to compile all available information since basal clades genera lack updated checklists or outlines. Recently, Tedersoo et al. (MycoKeys 13:1--20, 2016) accepted Aphelidiomycota and Rozellomycota in Fungal clade. Thus, we regard both these phyla as members in Kingdom Fungi. We accept 16 phyla in basal clades viz. Aphelidiomycota, Basidiobolomycota, Blastocladiomycota, Calcarisporiellomycota, Caulochytriomycota, Chytridiomycota, Entomophthoromycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Monoblepharomycota, Mortierellomycota, Mucoromycota, Neocallimastigomycota, Olpidiomycota, Rozellomycota and Zoopagomycota. Thus, 611 genera in 153 families, 43 orders and 18 classes are provided with details of classification, synonyms, life modes, distribution, recent literature and genomic data. Moreover, Catenariaceae Couch is proposed to be conserved, Cladochytriales Mozl.-Standr. is emended and the family Nephridiophagaceae is introduced

The history of climatological researches in Department of Meteorology and Climatology University of Łódź

Department of Meteorology and Climatology University of Łódź was created almost 45 years ago. The creator and the many years' head of Department was Professor Stanisław Zych. The oldest research trends were: urban climate and bioclimate, human biometeorology, regional climatology of different areas of Poland, fluctuations and long-term changes of climate. In subsequent years beside above-mentioned it was started to develop such trends us: spatial differentiation and variability of climate (mainly precipitations), relationships between circulation and long-term variability of climate conditions in Poland and in Europe, topoclimatic differentiation in selected field conditions.Zakład Meteorologii i Klimatologii UL powstał blisko 45 lat temu. Twórcą i wieloletnim kierownikiem zakładu był prof. dr Stanisław Zych. Najstarsze nurty badawcze to m. in.: klimat i bioklimat obszarów zurbanizowanych, biometeorologia człowieka, klimatologia regionalna różnych obszarów Polski, wahania i długookresowe zmiany klimatu. W ostatnich latach publikacje naukowe dotyczą także: przestrzennego zróżnicowania zmienności elementów klimatu, głównie opadów atmosferycznych, związków między cyrkulacją atmosferyczną a wieloletnią zmiennością warunków klimatycznych w Polsce i w Europie, zróżnicowania topoklimatycznego terenów o urozmaiconej rzeźbie

Making Small Towns Visible in Europe: The Case of Cittaslow Network – The Strategy Based on Sustainable Development

The aim of the article is to identify strategies for the development and promotion of small towns based on the implementation of the principles of sustainable development, using both endogenous social capital, unique material values of cultural heritage as well as values of the natural environment. The strategy described in this article is a derivative of the benefi ts of membership in the Cittaslow global network, the peripheral location of small towns to metropolises as well as other alternative values of small towns not accessible to large cities. It has been shown that Cittaslow can be both an indicator of sustainable development, an activator of sustainable tourism as well as an instrument for raising awareness of the endogenous capital of small towns. The background to the considerations on potential implications of accession to Cittaslow is the analysis of contemporary international networks of cities whose priority or one of the key objectives is to act in accordance with the principles of sustainable development.</p