Founder's lecture of the ISS 2006: borderlands of normal and early pathological findings in MRI of the foot and ankle

The purpose of this article is to highlight the anatomical variants, technical pitfalls, and the prevalence of abnormal conditions in the asymptomatic population in magnetic resonance imaging of the foot and ankle. Special attention is drawn to the complex anatomy of the deltoid ligament (the superficial tibionavicular ligament, tibiospring ligament, the tibiocalcaneal ligament, and the deep anterior and posterior tibiotalar ligaments) and the posterior tibial tendon insertion including the magic angle artifact and the high prevalence of asymptomatic findings such as "hypertrophied” peroneal tubercle (abnormal only when larger than 5mm), peroneus quartus (prevalence 17%), and cysts (vascular remnants) just inferior to the angle of Gissan

Optimization models for bike sharing systems

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The CMS High Level Trigger: Commissioning and First Operation with LHC Beams

The CMS experiment will collect data from the proton-proton collisions delivered by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at a centre-of-mass energy up to 14 TeV. The CMS trigger system is designed to cope with unprecedented luminosities and LHC bunch-crossing rates up to 40 MHz. The unique CMS trigger architecture only employs two trigger levels. The Level-1 trigger is implemented using custom electronics. The High Level Trigger is implemented on a large cluster of commercial processors, the Filter Farm. Trigger menus have been developed for detector calibration and for fulfilment of the CMS physics program, at start-up of LHC operations, as well as for operations with higher luminosities. A complete multipurpose trigger menu developed for an early instantaneous luminosity of 10^{32}cm{-2}s{-1} has been tested in the HLT system under realistic online running conditions. The required computing power needed to process with no dead time a maximum HLT input rate of 50 kHz, as expected at startup, has been measured, using the most recent commercially available processors. The Filter Farm has been equipped with 720 such processors, providing a computing power at least a factor two larger than expected to be needed at startup. Results for the commissioning of the full-scale trigger and data acquisition system with cosmic muon runs are reported. The trigger performance during operations with LHC circulating proton beams, delivered in September 2008, is outlined and first results are shown.Comment: Published in the Proceedings of the IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium,October 18-25, 2008,Dresden,German

State-of-the-Art and Recent Advances in the Abatement of Gaseous Pollutants from Waste-to-Energy

Despite their key role in integrated waste management, direct (incineration) and indirect (gasification/pyrolysis) waste combustion processes are still opposed by some of the general public due to the past emission levels of air pollutants. In fact, although the release of air pollutants (especially dioxin) to the atmosphere from waste combustion processes has gradually decreased over the years, thanks to the introduction of stricter regulations and more advanced removal technologies, there is still an unsolved problem regarding the public acceptance of waste-to-energy facilities. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art air pollution control (APC) technologies used in waste combustion facilities. Air pollution control technologies are designed to reduce or eliminate the emissions of harmful pollutants into the atmosphere. These technologies are important for safeguarding public health, protecting ecosystems, complying with regulations, and promoting a more sustainable and resilient future for both local and global communities. This paper will highlight the complexity behind emission control and the efforts made by this sector over the years. This paper will also propose suggested configurations based on the interactions/complementarity between different APC technologies and recent findings to improve their performance