Characteristic Features of Ethnic Labor Migration in the Krasnoyarsk Krai (Central Siberia, Russia)

This research is devoted to the analysis of some aspects of ethnic labor mobility in Krasnoyarsk Krai. The main method of research is a quantitative survey, including the interpretation of the quantitative results. Currently, Krasnoyarsk Krai (Central Siberia, Russia) is a zone of active ethnic labor mobility. The majority of the ethnic migrant workers are from Central Asia (Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan). Ethnic labor mobility from Armenia and Azerbaijan is decreasing. The hosts, the residents of the Krasnoyarsk Krai, are experiencing a range of phobias towards the labor immigrants (xenophobia and migrant-phobia). For the harmonization of relationships between migrants and the hosts, preventative measures should be taken to prevent possible confl icts, including constant monitoring of the situation. The study shows that students and youth of the Siberian Federal University have a positive attitude toward people who are engaged in labor mobility. Political management should take the complex structure of the host into the account and be ready to regulate diffi cult intercultural relationships between the people of Krasnoyarsk Krai and the people who come there from Central Asia and other countries. Keywords: Krasnoyarsk Krai, Ethnic Labor Mobility, Strategies of Acculturation, Cultural Integration JEL Classifications: J15, J61, R12, Z1

Taymyr Reindeer Herding as a Branch of the Economy and a Fundamental Social Identification Practice for Indigenous Peoples of the Siberian Arctic

There are two factors affecting the way that Nenets and Dolgan people of Taymyr define their regional identity: 1) their traditional trade (reindeer herding); 2) ethnic art-making where the reindeer acts as an image and a symbol of ethnic traditions, touchstones, and values found among the indigenous peoples of Taymyr. Field research was conducted in Taymyr settlements (such as Nosok, Karaul, and Khatanga) from 2010 to 2014. The researchers interviewed Nenets and Dolgan people who belong to non-governmental organizations representing Taymyr indigenous peoples, run businesses or work in government agencies, schools, and other organizations implementing cultural policies. Indigenous peoples have very low economic and social activity. The Dolgans also have a very poor standard of living due to lack of reindeer. The Post-Soviet era has seen an income gap growing between the Dolgans and the Nenets and unequal economic groups being formed. Reviving reindeer herding is essential. Nenets and Dolgan reindeer herding is an economically inefficient subsidized branch of agriculture, but its role is symbolic rather than economic. Nenets and Dolgan reindeer herding is an ethnicity-forming and ethnicity-sustaining factor. Today’s reindustrialization of Taymyr may end up exterminating its indigenous peoples’ unique economic, environmental, and cultural practices. Taymyr’s political establishment must pay due attention to the threat of ruining these unique practices. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n3s5p22