The distribution of public services from the perspective of spatial equality

One of the most prominent consequences of rapid urbanization has recently been the disintegrated distribution of municipal services which predisposes inequality in citizens' benefiting from these services. Therefore, the city planners and managers' main goal must be to achieve the ideal of 'equality of opportunities' to help different groups of urban population have access to public services and eliminate conflicts in the provision of opportunities. In the present descriptive-analytical study, after specifying the indicators, ten regions of Tabriz are ranked in terms of the distribution of municipal services using three different methods (per capita land use, accessibility and residents' idea) and action priorities are presented for each region. The results of this study show that Tabriz has an inappropriate spatial distribution of public services and the population is incompatible with the distribution of services. Region 8 is in a good condition compared to the other while region 7 and 9 has a poor distribution of public services

Desenvolvimento do Turismo Urbano Baseado na Tecnologia da Informação

Information for tourism and transportation industries is as vital as blood for the human life. According to tourism experts, Iran ranks among ten top countries with the most touristy attractions. Iran's share from the income of international tourism markets was about 1 unit from a total of 700 units in the year 2000. A major problem on the way of tourism development is the weakness of information systems and their supporters. This has led to providing insufficient information on the attractions and capabilities and service preparation, much lower than expected level. This is while for tourism planning and dynamism exact and updated information system is needed; IT is very effective in this respect. IT can play a great role in managing, planning, and marketing for tourism development. Emphasizing IT usage in tourism, some main applications of this technology like fast, cheap, and on time informing of electronic systems for service provision such as computer reservation systems (CRSs), global distribution systems (GDSs) and Internet have been regarded in this paper.A informação para a indústria do turismo e do transporte é tão vital quanto o sangue para a vida humana. De acordo com especialistas em turismo, o Irã encontra-se entre os dez países com maior número de atrações turísticas. O Irã recebeu do mercado turístico internacional cerca de uma unidade em cada 700 unidades no ano de 2000. O maior problema para o desenvolvimento do turismo é a baixa qualidade dos sistemas de informação. Isto tem conduzido a informações insuficientes acerca das atrações e capacidades do setor. Tal situação é relevante para o planejamento turístico, sendo necessária a atualização dos sistemas de informação; a tecnologia da informação é bastante efetiva neste aspecto. A IT pode desempenhar um importante papel na administração, planejamento e propaganda para o desenvolvimento do turismo. Neste estudo é enfatizado o uso da IT no turismo e algumas das principais aplicações desta tecnologia, tais como a informação atualizada, rápida e barata através de sistemas eletrônicos como CRSs (computer reservation systems), GDSs (global distribution systems) e Internet

Deconstruction of the Planning Process in the 21st Century

By increasing the changes in the last years of the second millennium, relying on the planning methods, which are based on forecasting, cannot meet the needs of management of countries at large scale. The heavy burden of uncertainties and emergence of interrupted and wild card events have changed the conditions in a way that future forecasting is not possible for planners. On the other hand, in regional and urban planning it is necessary to change the attitude from forecasting to foresight. Considering this, the paper attempts to introduce the approach of foresight as well as having a critical view of the current process of planning in foreseeing and future studies. Moreover, this study emphasizes the necessity of employing the foresight approach in the process of urban and regional studies

Investigating the Significance of Physical and Functional Factors in the Vitality of Urban Squares (The Case of Sabzemeydan Square, Rasht)

Climate, culture, and behavioral patterns has shaped the identity of cities. Culture and climate are two main factors that differentiate cities from each other. Finding significant cultural and behavioral patterns and interests of people is a prerequisite of understanding, introducing, and saving the identity of cities in order to save urban spaces. The current research by investigating the vitality reasons of Sabzemeydan Square in Rasht takes a step in this regard. The research method is a survey research and a comparison of two functional and physical aspects in the creation of vitality in this square. In the quantitative method 200 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS and at the end the features and buildings were ranked using ANP technique. The results demonstrate that the presence of people in Sabzemeydan Square as one of the crowded areas of Rasht, mainly depends on the functional factors, which are the most effective ones in creating the sense of place

Análise do Aspecto da Identidade do Patrimônio Cultural da Cidade de Isfahan a Partir do Ponto de Vista dos Visitantes com o Objetivo de Identidade Urbana

Using modern strategies and methods in city marketing is one way to attract more resources, and city branding seems as the most important tool in this process. The main purpose of this study is to examine identity aspects of cultural heritage of Isfahan (handicrafts, historical monuments, and lifestyle) - a city that is the symbol of Islamic culture and civilization of Iran- based on city branding criteria (Presence, place, pulse, potential, people, and prerequisite). The study is a field research and is based on data analysis. The result explored that historical monuments in viewpoint of three groups of Isfahan\u27s visitors (residents, domestic and foreign visitors) carry a high international standing, possess the best quality of place, enjoy ample opportunities for city developing, are high in attraction and activities, have high transparency, sociability, and flexibility, also own the best infrastructure for different purposes in compare to the two other aspects of cultural heritage of Isfahan city (handicrafts and lifestyle). In other words, the most distinctive aspect of Isfahan that makes the identity of the cultural heritage is its historical monuments which have the capability to become an international brand.Atribuir uma marca a uma cidade é uma prática comum adotada por muitas cidades no contexto de intensa ocupação urbana por recursos móveis, mercados, oportunidades e atenção. O primeiro passo essencial para conferir uma marca a uma cidade consiste no reconhecimento da identidade competitiva, a partir de um acordo estabelecido entre seus funcionários e seu público. Com base nisso, o presente artigo pretende primeiramente reconhecer a identidade da cidade de Isfahan a partir do estudo de documentos internacionais e da avaliação da opinião de diferentes pessoas (estrangeiros 40%, visitantes domésticos 40%, e residentes n=100=20%). Os resultados mostram que o consenso dominante entre os funcionários e o público de Isfahan sobre a identidade refere-se à identidade cultural, com base na civilização islâmica da cidade. Após estabelecer a identidade cultural como identidade dominante para a cidade de Isfahan, suas capacidades culturais baseadas em indicadores urbanos (presença, lugar, potencial, pulso, pessoas e pré-requisito), através das quais uma cidade pode ser compreendida, foram analisadas para conferir uma marca à cidade. Consequentemente, foi revelado que os elementos proeminentes da identidade cultural da cidade de Isfahan constituem seus prédios e monumentos históricos. Também foi evidente que o público realmente considera mais as características físicas (aparentes) do que as características culturais intrínsecas

Analysis of Key Factors Influencing Air Pollution of Metropolises in Developing Countries by Year 2025 (Case Study: Tehran Metropolis, Iran)

Air pollution is among the critical issues that many metropolises of the world, especially those in developing countries, are involved with. Hence, the present study seeks to identify the key factors affecting the expected air pollution in Tehran in the future (2025), to provide a suitable platform for solving the problem arising from it. The present study is a qualitative one in terms of application regarding the nature of the data and also a documental and a field study in terms of data collecting method. To analyze and identify the key factors, the analysis of interactions between factors is used. The main results indicate that five factors, namely, “management style”, “environmental protection”, “monitoring of pollutants”, “timely planning” and “research and development” among the 21 identified are considered as the factors having a possible key role on Tehran air pollution by year 2025. In other words, these are factors capable of having a wide dominative influence on both the behavior of systems and other factors. The “satellite cities” are detected as highly important intermediate factors that can partially affect the dynamics of the system and the status of air pollution in Tehran. Important macro suggestions have been developed in the aimed time horizon based on the analysis done on these factors for solving this problem