Unsteady Aerodynamics of Highly Maneuvering Flyers

In this chapter, a set of analytical aerodynamic models, based on potential flow, that can be used to predict the unsteady lift response during pitching maneuvers are presented and assessed. The result examines the unsteady lift coefficients experienced by a flat plate in high-amplitude pitch ramp motion. The pitch ramps are chosen based on two ramp pitch maneuvers of a maximum amplitudes of 25 and 45 degrees starting from zero degree. The aim is investigate the use of such classical models in predicting the lift dynamics compared to a full physical-based model. Among all classical methods used, the unsteady vortex lattice method (without considering the leading edge vortex) is found to be a very good predictor of the motion lift dynamic response for the 25 ° ramp angle case. However, at high pitch maneuvers (i.e.,the 45 ° ramp angle case), could preserve the response pattern with attenuated amplitudes without high computational burden. These mathematical analytical models presented in this chapter can be used to obtain a fast estimate for aircraft unsteady lift during pitch maneuvers instead of high fidelity models, especially in the early design phases

ONLINE BIOANALYTICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF SMALL AND LARGE BIOMOLECULES USING ONE- AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

In recent years, the innovation in biomarkers and biotherapeutics has increased the demand for state-of-the-art analytical platforms to achieve reliable and accurate discoveries and quantitative analysis methods. The challenges in their determinations are not limited to the large number of small and large biomolecules but also involve the great heterogeneity in chemical properties and abundance of those analytes. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry have advanced significantly to be the most common platform for analyzing biological samples. However, there are still many unmet challenges that that require application of novel bioanalytical methods to fill many gaps in online sample preparation, chromatographic separation, and mass spectrometric detection of different analyte sets. Frontal chromatography was used to investigate the trapping efficiency and capacity of online restricted access media trap columns to streamline sample preparation for online enrichment of small molecule analytes in complex biological samples. To enhance the sensitivity and selectivity for determination of 14 biomarkers of exposure to BTEX in urine, we developed a novel one pot charge reversal derivatization kit, optimized its performance through multivariate analysis using central composite design, and then validated its performance by using isotope dilution mass spectrometry. We further developed a novel high pH reversed phase chromatographic method for orthogonal separation of intact proteins using mass spectrometry compatible buffers. Finally, we adopted this method as the first dimension in a comprehensive two-dimensional reversed phase x reversed phase-mass spectrometry platform for intact protein separations

Towards an approach for web services substitution

This paper presents an approach whose objective is to support Web services substitution. Substitution means replacing a component with another component, as long as the replacing component produces the same output and satisfies the same requirements as the replaced component. Motives for substitution include Web service\u27s non-responsiveness to client requests and better arrangement with another, competitor Web service. To perform Web services substitution with less impact on the ongoing, and sometimes critical, business processes, the approach proposes deploying communities of Web services. A community promotes the dynamic binding of Web services through a common interface, known as Open Service Connectivity. The Open Service Connectivity directs requests to and responses from Web services regardless of how these latter are specified, implemented, and located. © 2006 IEEE

Inactivation of Soybean Peroxidase During Sodium Azide Oxidation: A Comparative Study

Azide ion is a mechanism-based inactivator of a number of peroxidases. However, there are often variations in the manner in which inactivation occurs. Soybean Peroxidase (SBP) is found in the plant\u27s seed coat. Unlike many other peroxidases, a single enzyme rather than several isozymes are produced thus making more simple the purification and characterization of the enzyme. In this research it was shown that, as with other peroxidases, SBP is inactivated by azide during turnover. During azide oxidation SBP forms a ferrous-NO intermediate. In this respect, SBP is similar to the lignin peroxidases from Phanerochaete chrysosporium which also form ferrous-NO complexes as reaction intermediates. In contrast, horseradish peroxidase does not form a stable ferrous-NO complex. Of interest is the observation that, as long as a peroxidase remains in the ferrous-NO form it is resistant to inactivation. The SBP ferrous-NO complex is less stable than the ferrous-NO complex formed by lignin peroxidases. Kinetic analysis revealed that inactivation was time and concentration dependent. The dissociation constant (K1) for SBP and azide was shown to be 1.05 mM. The pseudo-first order rate constant for inactivation (Kinact) was 0.06 sec-1 and t1/2 for inactivation was 12.2 sec. Azide did not inactivate SBP in the absence of hydrogen peroxide, a required oxidizing cosubstrate. Inactivation was irreversible and the heme moiety was destroyed during turnover

Review on carbonation study of reinforcement concrete incorporating with bacteria as self-healing approach

This study carried out a comprehensive review to determine the carbonation process that causes the most deterioration and destruction of concrete. The carbonation mechanism involved using carbon dioxide (CO2 ) to penetrate the concrete pore system into the atmosphere and reduce the alkalinity by decreasing the pH level around the reinforcement and initiation of the corrosion process. The use of bacteria in the concrete was to increase the pH of the concrete by producing urease enzyme. This technique may help to maintain concrete alkalinity in high levels, even when the carbonation process occurs, because the CO2 accelerates to the concrete and then converts directly to calcium carbonate, CaCO3 . Consequently, the self-healing of the cracks and the pores occurred as a result of the carbonation process and bacteria enzyme reaction. As a result of these reactions, the concrete steel is protected, and the concrete properties and durability may improve. However, there are several factors that control carbonation which have been grouped into internal and external factors. Many studies on carbonation have been carried out to explore the effect of bacteria to improve durability and concrete strength. However, an in-depth literature review revealed that the use of bacteria as a self-healing mechanism can still be improved upon. This review aimed to highlight and discuss the possibility of applying bacteria in concrete to improve reinforcement concrete

A Multi-Layer and Multi-Perspective Approach for Web Services Composition

This paper presents a Web services composition approach that is built upon three layers known as component, community, and composite. The contribution of each layer towards this composition approach is assessed from two perspectives known as organization and management. Furthermore this paper discusses how Web services in a community are specialized into abstract and concrete. Interactions between abstract/concrete Web services and composite Web services happen through a driver known as open service connectivity. This driver permits first, binding any abstract Web service to any composite Web service and second, triggering any concrete Web service from any composite Web service

Procjena stanja okoliša u odnosu na prostornu rasprostranjenost zooplanktonske zajednice u egipatskom jezeru Manzalah

Lake Manzalah is the largest of the four Nile Delta lakes in Egypt. It provides more than 50% of the total inland fisheries of the country. During the last two decades the Lake has been exposed to multiple changes mainly due to local human activities. Monthly zooplankton samples were collected during an integrated environmental monitoring program within the MELMARINA Project that extended from July 2003 to September 2004 to study the distribution and occurrence of zooplankton community in Lake Manzalah. Results showed that, the average zooplankton standing crop was 1277 x 103 individuals m-3 . Spring was the most productive season (2127 x 103 individuals m-3 ) representing 41.65% to the total zooplankton counts. Five groups dominated zooplankton community; Rotifera, Copepoda, Ostracoda, Protozoa and Cladocera. The meroplanktonic larvae of Polychaeta, Cirripedia, Mysidacea and Gastropoda as well as free living nematods were rarely recorded. Rotifera contributed 81.89% to the total zooplankton community. They were represented by 38 species belonging to 19 genera dominated by genus Brachionus (86.65% of the total Rotifera) followed by genus Keratella (8.68%). Keratella species has been indicated as an indicator of pollution. Copepoda (including their larval stages) was the second group in order of abundance forming about 14.28% of the total zooplankton counts and represented by seven species. Acanthocyclops americanus was the dominant species. The productivity of Lake Manzalah decreased from 1979 to become highly eutrophic lake during the present study, but with higher production than the other Egyptian lakes. Management is needed to stabilize the Manzalah lake ecosystem in a way that promotes the sustainability of the system.Jezero Manzalah najveće je od četiri jezera u egipatskom dijelu delte rijeke Nil. Iz njega se izlovljava više od 50% ukupnog ribarstva kopnenih voda u zemlji. Tijekom posljednja dva desetljeća jezero je bilo izloženo brojnim promjenama uglavnom zbog antropogenih lokalnih aktivnosti. Mjesečni uzorci zooplanktona sakupljani su za vrijeme integriranog programa praćenja stanja okoliša u sklopu projekta MELMARINA kojim se od srpnja 2003. do rujna 2004. proučavala raspodjela i učestalost zooplanktonske zajednice u jezeru Manzalah. Rezultati su pokazali da je prosječna gustoća populacije zooplanktona iznosila 1277 jedinki m-3 . Tijekom proljeća je zabilježena najveća produktivnost (2127×103 jedinki m-3 ) koja predstavlja 41.65% od ukupnog broja zooplanktona. U zooplanktonskoj zajednici prevladavalo je pet skupina: Rotifera, Copepoda, Ostracoda, Protozoa i Cladocera, dok su meroplanktonske larve Polychaeta, Cirripedia, Mysidacea i Gastropoda kao i slobodne živuće nematode rijetko zabilježene. Skupina Rotifera doprinosila je 81.89% od ukupnog broja zooplanktona. Zastupljeno je 38 vrsta koje spadaju u 19 rodova kojima dominira rod Brachionus (86.65% od ukupnog broja Rotifera). Slijedi genus Keratella (8.68%) koji se smatra pokazateljem zagađenja. Veslonošci (uključujući ličinačke stadije) su bili na drugom mjestu po zastupljenosti (14.28%), sa zabilježenih sedam vrsta, od kojih je dominantna bila Acanthocyclops americanus. Produktivnost jezera Manzalah je smanjena od 1979. godine i jezero je postalo vrlo eutrofično za vrijeme ove studije, no još uvijek je produktivnije od ostalih egipatskih jezera. Potrebno je ciljano upravljanje kako bi se stabilizirao ekosustav jezera Manzalah na način koji će unaprijediti održivost sistema

Flow of Activities: Utilizing Parade of Trade to Develop Visual Management Tool Tailored for Infrastructure Projects

Parade of Trade (PoT) is a game used in Lean Construction to demonstrate the impact of variability on a production system and to promote the value of constraint management in an environment of dependent events. Infrastructure projects usually have a sequence of construction works to an extend matching with the PoT model. Different trades and activities distributed over a large-scale area combined with its arising particular issues, creates a challenging efficiency paradox. Therefore, there is a need to adapt a new tool that identifies pace maker of the production flow, shows the interactions between different construction stages and trades, and explains the impact of trade progress on one another. The PoT idea used to develop new Visual Management (VM) tool, tailored to bridge the gap in the current model of infrastructure construction management traditional tools, supports the effectiveness of resources utilization and optimizes the project as a whole. Starting from maximizing client's values and passing through selection methodology; this paper records the journey of developing and utilizing sustainable VM tool; tailored for infrastructure construction projects. It supports decision-making regarding resources allocation; adapting construction batch size; assist in determining takt time and takt zones. Furthermore, it opens the way for further studies from Lean researchers and practitioners to develop new Lean Construction tools tailored to serve infrastructure construction projects

Impact of a suggested nursing protocol on the occurrence of medical device-related pressure ulcers in critically ill patients

Aim: Medical Device-Related Pressure Ulcers are skin breakdowns related to certain medical devices that increase morbidity, lengthen hospital stays, and increase the cost of treatment. Approximately one third of reported pressure ulcers are associated with medical devices. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of a suggested nursing intervention protocol on the occurrence of medical device-related pressure ulcers in critically ill patients. Design: A prospective, quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. Methods: 100 patients participated in our study, divided into study and control groups. The researchers selected Endo-tracheal and Nasogastric tubes to examine their association with the development of pressure ulcers. The researchers observed the prevalence of pressure ulcers caused by the selected devices through daily clinical observation. Patients receiving routine care were used as a control group, while the suggested nursing intervention protocol was implemented to the study group of patients. The results of the given protocol on the study subjects were compared to the collected base line data for the control group. Results: The study revealed a highly statistically and clinically significant difference between the study and control groups in relation to incidence of endo-tracheal and nasogastric tube pressure ulcers. The results indicate that the incidence of endo-tracheal tube pressure ulcers decreased from 90% to 32.1% after implementation of the suggested nursing intervention protocol (p = 0.031), whereas the incidence of nasogastric tubes pressure ulcers fell from 77.8% to 13.1% (p = 0.012). Conclusion: the examined evidence based suggested nursing intervention protocol proved highly effective in reducing the occurrence of selected Medical Device-Related Pressure Ulcers in critically ill patients

Primary essential cutis vertices gyrate: Cutis vertices gyrate

AbstractCutis vertices gyrate is the abnormal appearance of the scalp in the form of folds and furrows with or without other associated abnormalities. In this article, we present a new concept in the management of such pathology