Coupling strength control in photonic crystal/photonic wire multiple cavity devices

Resonance splitting has been demonstrated for two coupled micro-cavities with control of the free spectral range between the resonance peaks, together with a normalised transmission level of approximately 60%. Coupled micro-cavity-based structures that were separated by two closely spaced in-line coupler sections between the two micro-cavities have also been successfully fabricated and measured. The coupling strength of the two cavities was controlled via the use of hole tapering in the middle section between the two cavities. 2D finite-difference time-domain simulation shows close agreement with the results of measurements

Enhancing Physical Layer Security in AF Relay Assisted Multi-Carrier Wireless Transmission

In this paper, we study the physical layer security (PLS) problem in the dual hop orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless communication system. First, we consider a single user single relay system and study a joint power optimization problem at the source and relay subject to individual power constraint at the two nodes. The aim is to maximize the end to end secrecy rate with optimal power allocation over different sub-carriers. Later, we consider a more general multi-user multi-relay scenario. Under high SNR approximation for end to end secrecy rate, an optimization problem is formulated to jointly optimize power allocation at the BS, the relay selection, sub-carrier assignment to users and the power loading at each of the relaying node. The target is to maximize the overall security of the system subject to independent power budget limits at each transmitting node and the OFDMA based exclusive sub-carrier allocation constraints. A joint optimization solution is obtained through duality theory. Dual decomposition allows to exploit convex optimization techniques to find the power loading at the source and relay nodes. Further, an optimization for power loading at relaying nodes along with relay selection and sub carrier assignment for the fixed power allocation at the BS is also studied. Lastly, a sub-optimal scheme that explores joint power allocation at all transmitting nodes for the fixed subcarrier allocation and relay assignment is investigated. Finally, simulation results are presented to validate the performance of the proposed schemes.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, accepted in Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies (ETT), formerly known as European Transactions on Telecommunications (ETT

The intersection of libraries and literacy: examining the significance of historical documents and the emergence of digital libraries.

Libraries serve as physical collections of cultural elements and practices from both dominant and minority cultures, and they continue to have a crucial impact on education. By doing this, they empower libraries to persistently make a significant influence in the realm of education. Due to their strategic positioning, libraries have the ability to fulfill a significant function in both the distribution of novel knowledge and the safeguarding of preexisting ideas and customs. Libraries have a crucial role as institutions dedicated to advancing modernism, making them widely recognized as suitable environments for incorporating new literacies. The library's collections encompass reference volumes, such as dictionaries and encyclopedias, which are regarded as fundamental literature in contemporary times. This essay aims to address a specific gap in the enormous body of literature on literacy and education that has been found. Upon evaluating the prevailing perspectives on information literacy, we present a comprehensive structure for critical information literacy. The paradigm should not consider complexity, diversity, ambiguity, and pluralism in philosophy and language as issues

Lactic acid production from cassava mill effluent (CME) using rhyzopus oryzae immobilized in PVA-Alginate-Sulfate beads

Cassava Mill Effluent (CME) is an effluent, produced from peeling process of the skin, cutting and starch extraction from the tapioca tuber. The CME contains high concentration of starch. It is usually dispose directly into the nearest river and become a source of pollutant that contributes to the high value of its chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and total solids (TS). In this study, Cassava Mill Effluent has been used as fermentation medium for growth of Rhizopusoryzae to produce lactic acid. To improvise the yield, spore of Rhizopusoryzaewas immobilized in PVA-Alginate-Sulfate beads and fermentation was carried out for 6 days. Screening of lactic acid production using the production medium with various conditions; temperature (30ºC-40ºC), agitation speed (120- 200 rpm), pH (4-7) and beads percentages (at 0% (w/v), 5% (w/v), 10% (w/v). Fermentation study was conducted for 6 days using conditions derived from 2-level Factorial Design. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there was a strong significant influence of the factors and their interaction on production of lactic acid (P<0.0001) except for factor pH with (P=0.0670). The regression model for lactic acid production fitted the data adequately and explains the variation of more than 99% in the response. The analysis of result showed that the maximum production of lactic acid can be achieved at initial fermentation medium pH of 7.0, temperature of 40°C; percentage of beads (w/v) of 10% and agitation speed of 200 rpm and the maximum lactic acid production is 8.54 g/L. This study exploits the potential of Cassava Mill Effluent (CME) for production of lactic acid. Its successful will certainly contribute to Malaysia's bioeconomy

Permainan Elektronik: Satu Kajian Awal Amalan Penyertaan Genre Dan Amalan Motivasi Dalam Permainan Media

Matlamat kajian adalah untuk menggapai diskripsi penggunaan media baru yang diamalkan oleh remaja berhubung amalan permainan media dan genre peryertaan. Perbuatan melepak (hanging out), sikap meneroka (messing out) dan pakar (geeking out) adalah tiga bentuk penyertaan genre yang menggambarkan bentuk komitmen yang berbeza terhadap penglibatan media dan ianya memberikan kesan berbeza dari segi sosial, amalan dan juga pembelajaran dinamik. Kajian ini adalah penting dan signifikan untuk melihat corak budaya sosial pemain bermain di media baru. Kajian ini juga boleh mengkategorikan para pemain berasaskan genre penyertaan iaitu mengikut cara mereka berhubung dan bermain permainan. Berasaskancorak pendekatan bermain yang berbeza mengikut genre penyertaan, pemain juga dapat dianalisakan menerusi amalan motivasi permainan . Ianya boleh dilihat secara terperinci penganalisaan terhadap tahap amalan motivasi dalam permainan

Named data networking for efficient IoT-based disaster management in a smart campus

Disasters are uncertain occasions that can impose a drastic impact on human life and building infrastructures. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) plays a vital role in coping with such situations by enabling and integrating multiple technological resources to develop Disaster Management Systems (DMSs). In this context, a majority of the existing DMSs use networking architectures based upon the Internet Protocol (IP) focusing on location-dependent communications. However, IP-based communications face the limitations of inefficient bandwidth utilization, high processing, data security, and excessive memory intake. To address these issues, Named Data Networking (NDN) has emerged as a promising communication paradigm, which is based on the Information-Centric Networking (ICN) architecture. An NDN is among the self-organizing communication networks that reduces the complexity of networking systems in addition to provide content security. Given this, many NDN-based DMSs have been proposed. The problem with the existing NDN-based DMS is that they use a PULL-based mechanism that ultimately results in higher delay and more energy consumption. In order to cater for time-critical scenarios, emergence-driven network engineering communication and computation models are required. In this paper, a novel DMS is proposed, i.e., Named Data Networking Disaster Management (NDN-DM), where a producer forwards a fire alert message to neighbouring consumers. This makes the nodes converge according to the disaster situation in a more efficient and secure way. Furthermore, we consider a fire scenario in a university campus and mobile nodes in the campus collaborate with each other to manage the fire situation. The proposed framework has been mathematically modeled and formally proved using timed automata-based transition systems and a real-time model checker, respectively. Additionally, the evaluation of the proposed NDM-DM has been performed using NS2. The results prove that the proposed scheme has reduced the end-to-end delay up from 2% to 10% and minimized up to 20% energy consumption, as energy improved from 3% to 20% compared with a state-of-the-art NDN-based DMS

Strategi Humas dan Marketing Pendidikan Dasar Pasca Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia

Covid-19 membawa perubahan mendasar di dunia pendidiikan, termasuk di bidang kehumasan dan marketing pendidikan. Penelitian ini mengkaji strategi humas dan marketing pendidikan dasar, menengah, dan tinggi pasca pandemi Covid-19, antara peluang dan tantangannya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode kepustakaan. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik dokumentasi. Teori yang dipakai untuk menganalisa data adalah teori strategi public relation (PR) dan marketing pendidikan. Temuan penelitian ini: pertama, strategi Humas dan Marketing Pendidikan. Pendidikan Tingkat Dasar mengupayakan beberapa strategi, antara lain: penguatan kerjasama internal dan eksternal, serta mencari dukungan kebijakan kepala sekolah terhadap program kehumasan dan marketing. Kedua, tantangan Humas dan Marketing Pendidikan. Di tingkat pendidikan dasar tantangan utamanya adalah ketidaksiapan SDM, infrastruktur, dan finansial, yang dapat digunakan untuk mengubah krisis yang merugikan akibat Covid-19 menjadi peluang yang menguntungkan. Ketiga, solusi bagi permasalahan humas dan marketing pendidikan. Di tingkat pendidikan dasar, ada dua macam solusi: holistik dan kontekstual. Solusi yang bersifat holistik adalah penguatan SDM, finansial, dan infrastruktur. Solusi yang bersifat kontekstual pada tingkat pendidikan dasar, lembaga membutuhkan tim khusus yang menangani marketing. Tim Khusus ini ditugaskan untuk melakukan persiapan yang dibutuhkan untuk mengatasi krisis maupun berjaga-jaga di kemudian hari