Image_4_CircKIF5B Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Regulating the miR-192 Family/XIAP Axis.tif

BackgroundThe long-term prognosis of HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) with metastasis remains extremely poor. CircRNAs are promising as critical biological markers in identifying disease mechanisms and developing new effective treatments. However, the role of the aberrant expression of circRNAs in HCC progression remains largely unknown.MethodsCircKIF5B location was investigated by RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH). For circRNA determination, RNase R treatment and Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed. Transwell chamber assays examined the chemotactic migration and invasion of liver cancer cells.ResultsThis study identified the circRNA circKIF5B originating from exons 1, 2, and 3 of the KIF5B gene. Importantly, we found that circKIF5B circRNA, rather than KIF5B linear mRNA, was notably upregulated in liver cancer cell lines and tissues. Moreover, we found that silencing circKIF5B markedly reduced the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of liver cancer cells by sponging the miR-192 family, thus decreasing the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP).ConclusionOur data demonstrate that circKIF5B can regulate XIAP expression by sponging miR-192 and miR-215 competing for the ceRNA mechanism, indicating that circKIF5B may act as an essential upstream regulator and providing mechanistic evidence to support the view that circKIF5B/miR-192s/XIAP is a promising therapeutic target for treating liver cancer.</p

Image_2_CircKIF5B Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Regulating the miR-192 Family/XIAP Axis.tif

BackgroundThe long-term prognosis of HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) with metastasis remains extremely poor. CircRNAs are promising as critical biological markers in identifying disease mechanisms and developing new effective treatments. However, the role of the aberrant expression of circRNAs in HCC progression remains largely unknown.MethodsCircKIF5B location was investigated by RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH). For circRNA determination, RNase R treatment and Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed. Transwell chamber assays examined the chemotactic migration and invasion of liver cancer cells.ResultsThis study identified the circRNA circKIF5B originating from exons 1, 2, and 3 of the KIF5B gene. Importantly, we found that circKIF5B circRNA, rather than KIF5B linear mRNA, was notably upregulated in liver cancer cell lines and tissues. Moreover, we found that silencing circKIF5B markedly reduced the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of liver cancer cells by sponging the miR-192 family, thus decreasing the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP).ConclusionOur data demonstrate that circKIF5B can regulate XIAP expression by sponging miR-192 and miR-215 competing for the ceRNA mechanism, indicating that circKIF5B may act as an essential upstream regulator and providing mechanistic evidence to support the view that circKIF5B/miR-192s/XIAP is a promising therapeutic target for treating liver cancer.</p

Image_3_CircKIF5B Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Regulating the miR-192 Family/XIAP Axis.tif

BackgroundThe long-term prognosis of HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) with metastasis remains extremely poor. CircRNAs are promising as critical biological markers in identifying disease mechanisms and developing new effective treatments. However, the role of the aberrant expression of circRNAs in HCC progression remains largely unknown.MethodsCircKIF5B location was investigated by RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH). For circRNA determination, RNase R treatment and Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed. Transwell chamber assays examined the chemotactic migration and invasion of liver cancer cells.ResultsThis study identified the circRNA circKIF5B originating from exons 1, 2, and 3 of the KIF5B gene. Importantly, we found that circKIF5B circRNA, rather than KIF5B linear mRNA, was notably upregulated in liver cancer cell lines and tissues. Moreover, we found that silencing circKIF5B markedly reduced the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of liver cancer cells by sponging the miR-192 family, thus decreasing the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP).ConclusionOur data demonstrate that circKIF5B can regulate XIAP expression by sponging miR-192 and miR-215 competing for the ceRNA mechanism, indicating that circKIF5B may act as an essential upstream regulator and providing mechanistic evidence to support the view that circKIF5B/miR-192s/XIAP is a promising therapeutic target for treating liver cancer.</p

Table_1_CircKIF5B Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Regulating the miR-192 Family/XIAP Axis.docx

BackgroundThe long-term prognosis of HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) with metastasis remains extremely poor. CircRNAs are promising as critical biological markers in identifying disease mechanisms and developing new effective treatments. However, the role of the aberrant expression of circRNAs in HCC progression remains largely unknown.MethodsCircKIF5B location was investigated by RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH). For circRNA determination, RNase R treatment and Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed. Transwell chamber assays examined the chemotactic migration and invasion of liver cancer cells.ResultsThis study identified the circRNA circKIF5B originating from exons 1, 2, and 3 of the KIF5B gene. Importantly, we found that circKIF5B circRNA, rather than KIF5B linear mRNA, was notably upregulated in liver cancer cell lines and tissues. Moreover, we found that silencing circKIF5B markedly reduced the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of liver cancer cells by sponging the miR-192 family, thus decreasing the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP).ConclusionOur data demonstrate that circKIF5B can regulate XIAP expression by sponging miR-192 and miR-215 competing for the ceRNA mechanism, indicating that circKIF5B may act as an essential upstream regulator and providing mechanistic evidence to support the view that circKIF5B/miR-192s/XIAP is a promising therapeutic target for treating liver cancer.</p

Image_1_CircKIF5B Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Regulating the miR-192 Family/XIAP Axis.tif

BackgroundThe long-term prognosis of HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) with metastasis remains extremely poor. CircRNAs are promising as critical biological markers in identifying disease mechanisms and developing new effective treatments. However, the role of the aberrant expression of circRNAs in HCC progression remains largely unknown.MethodsCircKIF5B location was investigated by RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH). For circRNA determination, RNase R treatment and Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed. Transwell chamber assays examined the chemotactic migration and invasion of liver cancer cells.ResultsThis study identified the circRNA circKIF5B originating from exons 1, 2, and 3 of the KIF5B gene. Importantly, we found that circKIF5B circRNA, rather than KIF5B linear mRNA, was notably upregulated in liver cancer cell lines and tissues. Moreover, we found that silencing circKIF5B markedly reduced the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of liver cancer cells by sponging the miR-192 family, thus decreasing the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP).ConclusionOur data demonstrate that circKIF5B can regulate XIAP expression by sponging miR-192 and miR-215 competing for the ceRNA mechanism, indicating that circKIF5B may act as an essential upstream regulator and providing mechanistic evidence to support the view that circKIF5B/miR-192s/XIAP is a promising therapeutic target for treating liver cancer.</p

Highly Enhanced Cooperative Upconversion Luminescence through Energy Transfer Optimization and Quenching Protection

Upconversion luminescence nanomaterials have shown great potential in biological and physical applications because of their unique properties. However, limited research exists on the cooperative sensitization upconversion emission in Tb³⁺ ions over Er³⁺ ions and Tm³⁺ ions because of its low efficiency. Herein, by optimizing the doping ratio of sensitizer and activator to maximize the utilization of the photon energy and introducing the CaF₂ inert shell to shield sensitizer from quenchers, we synthesize ultrasmall NaYbF₄:Tb@CaF₂ nanoparticles with a significant enhancement (690-fold) in cooperative sensitization upconversion emission intensity, compared with the parent NaYbF₄:Tb. The lifetime of Tb³⁺ emission in NaYbF₄:Tb@CaF₂ nanoparticles is prolonged extensively to ∼3.5 ms. Furthermore, NaYbF₄:Tb@CaF₂ was applied in <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> bioimaging. The presented luminescence enhancement strategy provides cooperative sensitization upconversion with new opportunities for bioapplication

Versatile Spectral and Lifetime Multiplexing Nanoplatform with Excitation Orthogonalized Upconversion Luminescence

Optical encoding together with color multiplexing benefits on-site detection, and enriching the components with narrow emissions from lanthanide could greatly increase the coding density. Here, we show a typical example to combine emission color and lifetime that are simultaneously integrated in a single lanthanide nanoparticle. With the multicompartment core/shell structure, the nanoparticles can activate different emitting pathways under varied excitation. This enables the nanoparticles to generate versatile excitation orthogonalized upconversion luminescence in both emission colors and lifetimes. As a typical example, green emission of Er³⁺ and blue emission of Tm³⁺ can be triggered with 808 and 980 nm lasers, respectively. Moreover, with incorporation of Tb³⁺, not only is emission from Tb³⁺ introduced but also the lifetime difference of 0.13 ms (Er³⁺) and 3.6 ms (Tb³⁺) is yielded for the green emission, respectively. Multiplexed fingerprint imaging and time-gated luminescence imaging were achieved in wavelength and lifetime dimensions. The spectral and lifetime encoding ability from lanthanide luminescence greatly broadens the scope of luminescent materials for optical multiplexing studies

Thermal-Sensitive Luminescence Dynamics of NaNdF₄:Yb@CaF₂ Nanostructures as Nanothermometers

Luminescence nanothermometry is arousing wide interest due to its noninvasive, real-time, and nanometrically spatially precise potentials. The peculiar luminescence properties of rare-earth-doped nanomaterials, such as their superstability and long lifetime, demonstrate their necessity in high-accuracy thermal sensing. Among the rare-earth nanothermometers, the recently emerged energy-transfer-based nanothermometers (e.g., NaNdF4:Yb@CaF2 nanocrystals) provide a credible lifetime signal with high sensitivity. However, the rationale for this property remains unexplored. The unclear rationale limits the systematic and targeted optimization of energy-transfer-based nanothermometers. Here, we reveal the working principle of energy-transfer-based NaNdF4:Yb@CaF2 nanothermometers with the classical rate equation model and experimental verifications. Dominated by the proportion between the energy transfer and back transfer rates of Nd3+ and Yb3+, the 2F5/2(Yb3+) population decays mono-exponentially after 50 μs of the withdrawal of excitation. This is the prerequisite for the 2F5/2(Yb3+) lifetime to be used as an accurate interference-free detection signal. The rate equation model is also used to investigate the concentration dependence of the thermal sensitivity of NaNdF4:Yb@CaF2 nanocrystals. The thermal sensitivity gets better with a declining Yb3+ concentration. These insights into thermal-sensitive luminescence dynamics pave the way for further material optimization toward nanothermometers with better performance

Yb-Based Nanoparticles with the Same Excitation and Emission Wavelength for Sensitive in Vivo Biodetection

Near-infrared luminescent emission has been widely used as a signal for biological detection with its high spatial resolution and fast response. Rare-earthdoped nanoparticle–dye composites have diverse advantages of a wide operation wavelength and remarkable light stability, while the application is limited by the low luminescence quantum yield of rare-earth nanoparticles. Hence, in this work, we use a singly Yb doped nanoparticle that has strong luminescence emission at 975 nm under excitation at the same wavelength as an energy donor to construct the detection system. An inner filter pair, composed of core–shell nanophosphor NaYF4/20%Yb@NaYF4 (1:2) nanocrystals (csYb) as a luminescent beacon and ClO–-responsive cyanine dye Cy890 as a filtering agent, was designed as a model. With a time-gated detection mode, the nanocomposites realize the detection limit at 0.55 ppb as demonstrated in a ClO– detection trial. The csYb&Cy890 nanocomposites can also monitor ClO– by luminescence signals in both living cells and mice models

Nanothermometer for In Vivo Temperature Detection with High Spatial Resolution Based on Core–Shell Rare Earth Nanoparticles

Temperature is a basic physical parameter in living organisms that directly relates to the physiological state of the body. The demand for in vivo temperature detection is expected to obtain accurate temperature signals with high spatial resolution. We propose a strategy of constructing and encapsulating the temperature probe (NaNdF4:7%Yb,33%Y) and high-resolution imaging probe (NaYbF4:2%Er,2�) in identical rare earth nanoparticles to attain in vivo temperature detection with high spatial resolution. The temperature probe acquires temperature feedback based on the luminescence lifetime signal which is used for accurate temperature acquisition with a thermal sensitivity of 1.94% K–1 and uncertainty of 0.05 K at 25.8 °C. The intensity-based imaging probe with emission wavelength in NIR-IIb is introduced to attain a high-resolution image with a signal-to-noise ratio of 2.5 times that of the temperature probe in NIR-I. Hence, the high-resolution image serves as the luminescence location image for the temperature distribution image attained by the temperature probe. On the basis of obtaining the temperature signal and high-resolution imaging signal, the image algorithm is designed for the superposition of the temperature image and high-resolution image. Ultimately, the dual-dimensional signals acquired by optical detection are superimposed by the image algorithm to obtain high-resolution temperature mapping