Isolation, identification, phytochemical screening, and antibacterial activity of Aspergillus sp. MFD-01, an endophytic fungus derived from Mesua ferrea

We have successfully isolated and identified endophytic fungi from medicinal plant Mesua ferrea L. grown at Banyumas were for the first time. One of those fungi was MFD-01. In this study, we report the isolation, identification, antibacterial activity, and phytochemical screening of Aspergillus sp. MFD-01. The endophytic fungus was isolated from the leaves of M. ferrea by subsequent inoculation on potato dextrose agar (PDA). The identification was based on its morphology and ITS-DNA sequence. The antibacterial activity was determined by dilution method. The identification of compounds in ethyl acetate extract of it was conducted according to the standart phytochemical screening method. MFD-01 was identified as Aspergillus sp. MFD-01. The ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus sp. MFD-01 inhibited the growth of both Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. At concentration of 1000 ppm, its diameter of inhibitory zone against those bacteria was 10.53 and 11.84, respectively. The extract contained flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, and tannins, which might responsible for its antibacterial activity against both tested bacteria

HUBUNGAN RELIGIUSITAS DENGAN RESILIENSI PADA PENYINTAS COVID-19 DI YOGYAKARTA

Pandemi Covid-19 menyerang seluruh dunia tak terkecuali di Indonesia. Salah satu daerah yang termasuk kedalam zona merah adalah D. I. Yogyakarta. Covid-19 memberikan banyak dampak bukan hanya pada fisik namun juga pada kesehantan mental para penyintasnya. Penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan menyatakan bahwa para penyintas mengalami kecemasan, trauma bahkan bisa menyebabkan depresi. Salah satu cara untuk dapat membuat penyintas tetap mampu bangkit adalah dengan adanya resiliensi. Menurut para ahli bahwa salah satu aspek yang dapat membangun resiliensi adalah religiusitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara religiusitas dengan resiliensi pada penyintas Covid-19 di Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode korelasional. Pengambilan data penelitian menggunakan 2 skala yaitu skala religiusitas dan skala resiliensi CD-RISC 25. Responden penelitian ini terdiri dari 121 subjek dari seluruh kabupaten dan kota di D. I. Yogyakarta. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan positif antara religiusitas dengan resiliensi pada penyintas Covid-19 dengan kooefisien korelasi sebesar 0,621 yang artinya semakin tinggi religiusitas maka resliensi pada penyintas Covid-19 di Yogyakarta akan semakin tinggi. Serta sumbangan efektifitas yang diberikan variable religiusitas terhadap resiliensi sebesar 38,5% ditunjukan dengan koefisien determinan r2 0,38

MEDIA DAN ISU SARS (Analisis Isi Pemberitahuan SARS di Surat Kabar Kompas dan Media Indonesia)

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, lebih populer dalam bentuk singkatan SARS, telah menarik perhatian dunia. Virus ini telah melanglang dunia dan karena itu telah pula menggegerkan umat manusia. Situasi demikian membuat isu SARS menjadi "layak berita". Media massa, kemudian, menjadikannya sebagai pusat pemberitaan khususnya pada periode Maret-Mei 2003. Peran media massa dalam menyebar-luaskan isu ini ke tengah masyarakat menarik untuk dikaji. Untuk mempersempit fokus, maka dipilih dua Surat kabar yang terbesar oplahnya di Indonesia, yaitu Kompas dan Media Indonesia. Permasalahan yang diangkat dirumuskan sebagai berikut: "Bagaimana pemberitaan isu SARS di surat kabar Kompas dan Media Indonesia?" Penelitian ini berfokus pada upaya menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, yang kemudian dioperasionalkan lewat analisis isi. Perspektif yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah public health communication, yang melihat bahwa media massa dapat berperan dalam advokasi peningkatan kualitas kehidupan manusia. Semakin media massa terlibat, maka akan semakin besar informasi yang beredar, dan kemudian hal itu diharapkan dapat memberi dampak bagi peningkatan pengetahuan dam kesadaran masyarakat atas persoalan kesehatan. Semakin tinggi informasi yang dimiliki maka akan semakin berkurang resiko terkena masalah kesehatan. Hasil penelitian antara lain menunjukkan bahwa surat kabar Kompas dan Media Indonesia memiliki perhatian pada isu SARS. Jika dibandingkan di antara keduanya, Kompas lebih besar perhatiannya dibanding Media Indonesia

Improvement of chest X-ray image segmentation accuracy based on FCA-Net

AbstractMedical image segmentation is a crucial stage in computer vision and image processing to help the later-stage diagnosis process become more accurate. Because medical image segmentation, such as X-ray, can extract tissue, organs, and pathological structures. However, medical image processing, primarily in the segmentation process, has significant challenges regarding feature representation. Because medical images have different characteristics than other images related to contrast, blur, and noise. This study proposes the use of lung segmentation on chest X-ray images based on deep learning with the FCA-Net (Fully Convolutional Attention Network) architecture. In addition, attention modules, namely spatial attention and channel attention, are added to the Res2Net encoder so that it is expected to be able to represent features better. This research was conducted on chest X-ray images from Qatar University contained in the Kaggle repository. A chest x-ray image measuring 256 × 256 pixels and as many as 1500 images were then divided into 10% testing data and 90% training data. The training data will then be processed in K-Fold Cross validation from K = 2 until K = 10. The experiment was conducted with scenarios that used spatial attention, channel attention, and a combination of spatial and channel attention. The best test results in this study were using a variety of spatial attention and channel attention in the division of K-Fold with a value of K = 5 with a DSC (Dice Similarity Coefficient) value in the testing data of 97.24% and IoU (Intersection over Union) in the testing data of 94.66%. This accuracy result is better than the UNet++, DeepLabV3+, and SegNet architectures

Healthcare-seeking behaviors for acute respiratory illness in two communities of Java, Indonesia: a cross-sectional survey

Understanding healthcare-seeking patterns for respiratory illness can help improve estimations of disease burden and inform public health interventions to control acute respiratory disease in Indonesia. The objectives of this study were to describe healthcare-seeking behaviors for respiratory illnesses in one rural and one urban community in Western Java, and to explore the factors that affect care seeking. From February 8, 2012 to March 1, 2012, a survey was conducted in 2520 households in the East Jakarta and Bogor districts to identify reported recent respiratory illnesses, as well as all hospitalizations from the previous 12-month period. We found that 4% (10% of those less than 5 years) of people had respiratory disease resulting in a visit to a healthcare provider in the past 2 weeks; these episodes were most commonly treated at government (33%) or private (44%) clinics. Forty-five people (0.4% of those surveyed) had respiratory hospitalizations in the past year, and just over half of these (24/45, 53%) occurred at a public hospital. Public health programs targeting respiratory disease in this region should account for care at private hospitals and clinics, as well as illnesses that are treated at home, in order to capture the true burden of illness in these communities