(C₄N₂H₁₂)₃[Ln₃(OH)(SO₄)₇] (Ln = Sm, Eu, and Tb): A Series of Honeycomb-like Open-Framework Lanthanide Sulfates with Extra-Large Channels Containing 24-Membered Rings

Three novel organic amine templated honeycomb-like lanthanide sulfates, (C₄N₂H₁₂)₃­[Ln₃­(OH)­(SO₄)₇] (Ln = Sm (<b>1</b>), Eu (<b>2</b>), and Tb (<b>3</b>)), with extra-large channels containing 24-membered rings (24MR) have been synthesized by using chair form piperazine as the structure-directing agent under one-pot solvothermal reactions. The three compounds are isostructural, and the open framework of the title compounds is the first lanthanide sulfate example with extra-large channels containing 24MR. It has an <i><b>acs</b></i> framework topology. The three compounds are strong luminescent materials that display characteristic Sm³⁺, Eu³⁺, and Tb³⁺ emission bands in the visible region. The observed second-harmonic generation efficiencies of the three compounds are all 0.4 times that of urea. TGA profiles and XRD measurements demonstrate their high thermal stability

Cost-effectiveness of daclatasvir plus asunaprevir for chronic hepatitis C genotype 1b treatment-naïve patients in China

<div><p>Background</p><p>Hepatitis C is the second fastest growing infectious disease in China. The standard-of-care for chronic hepatitis C in China is Pegylated interferon plus ribavirin (PR), which is associated with tolerability and efficacy issues. An interferon- and ribavirin-free, all-oral regimen comprising daclatasvir (DCV) and asunaprevir (ASV), which displays higher efficacy and tolerability, has recently been approved in China.</p><p>Objectives</p><p>This study is to estimate the cost-effectiveness of DCV+ASV (24 weeks) for chronic hepatitis C genotype 1b treatment-naïve patients compared with PR regimen (48 weeks) in China.</p><p>Methods</p><p>A cohort-based Markov model was developed from Chinese payer perspective to project the lifetime outcomes of treating 10,000 patients with an average age of 44.5 with two hypothetical regimens, DCV+ASV and PR. Chinese-specific health state costs and efficacy data were used. The annual discount rate was 5%. Base-case analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted.</p><p>Results</p><p>For HCV Genotype 1b treatment-naïve patients, DCV+ASV proved to be dominant over PR, with a cost saving of ¥33,480(5,096 USD) and gains in QALYs and life years of 1.29 and 0.85, respectively. The lifetime risk of compensated cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver-related death was greatly reduced with DCV+ASV. Univariate sensitivity analysis demonstrated that key influencers were the discount rate, time horizon, initial disease severity and sustained virological response rate of DCV+ASV, with all scenarios resulting in additional benefit. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that DCV+ASV has a high likelihood (100%) of being cost-effective.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>DCV+ASV is not only an effective and well-tolerated regimen to treat chronic HCV genotype 1b infection treatment-naïve patients, but also is more cost-effective than PR regimen. DCV+ASV can benefit both the public health and reimbursement system in China.</p></div

Annual health state transition rates.

<p>Annual health state transition rates.</p

Structure of the Markov model.

<p>Structure of the Markov model.</p

Base-case analysis: Lifetime risk of complications after treating with DCV+ASV and PR.

<p>Base-case analysis: Lifetime risk of complications after treating with DCV+ASV and PR.</p

Base-case analysis: Estimated incidence of HCV-related complications (compensated cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma) after treating with DCV+ASV.

<p>Base-case analysis: Estimated incidence of HCV-related complications (compensated cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma) after treating with DCV+ASV.</p

Annual health state costs.

<p>Annual health state costs.</p

Baseline cohort characteristics.

<p>Baseline cohort characteristics.</p

Base-case analysis: Estimated incidence of HCV-related complications (compensated cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma) after treating with PR.

<p>Base-case analysis: Estimated incidence of HCV-related complications (compensated cirrhosis, decompensated cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma) after treating with PR.</p

Probabilistic sensitivity analysis: Cost-effectiveness scatter plots.

<p>Probabilistic sensitivity analysis: Cost-effectiveness scatter plots.</p