Gerakan Kemandirian Pangan Melalui Program Desa Mandiri Pangan: Analisis Kinerja Dan Kendala

Program Desa Mandiri Pangan (Demapan) dilaksanakan tahun 2006 dan sampaisekarang masih berlanjut. Program dirancang dalam kurun waktu 4 tahun (tahap) dengan tujuan akhir mengurangi rawan pangan di perdesaan (mandiri). Sudah 158 desa masuk tahap kemandirian dan diharapkan desa yang sudah mandiri bisa membina 3 desa lainnya dalam program Gerakan Kemandirian Pangan. Tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya program ini tidak berhasil menjadikan seluruh desa mandiri menjadi desa inti, hal ini disebabkan kelembagaan Demapannya tidak aktif. Sementara kelembagaan tersebut akan menjadi narasumber dan tempat magang desa yang akan dibina (replikasi). Kelembagaan tersebut adalah Kelompok Afinitas (KA), Lembaga Keuangan Desa (LKD) dan Tim Pangan Desa (TPD). Bagi desa yang sudah tidak aktif kelembagaannya, maka program tidak perlu dilanjutkan. Sebaliknya bagi desa yang kelembagaannya kurang aktif, maka diperlukan kegiatan pemberdayaan kelembagaan. Selain itu diperlukan dana dari pemerintah untuk pengurus dalam menggerakkan lembaga TPD dan LKD. Dana itu diinisiasi dahulu dari Badan Ketahanan Pangan Kementerian Pertanian yang dimasukkan dalam dana kegiatan Gerakan Kemandirian Pangan. Tahun berikutnya dana tersebut diharapkan dari dana APBD Tk I dan APBD Tk II. Selanjutnya untuk mensukseskan kegiatan Demapan maka peranan BKP Provinsi perlu ditingkatkan lagi agar masalah kabupaten tidak melakukan monev kegiatan dengan baik dan seringnya pergantian SDM di tingkat kabupaten bisa diatasi

Construction of Benzosiloles, Six- and Eight-Membered Silacyclic Skeletons, via a Pd-Catalyzed Intramolecular Mizoroki–Heck Reaction of Vinylsilanes

A variety of silacycles including benzosiloles, six- and eight-membered silacyclic skeletons, were efficiently synthesized via a Pd-catalyzed intramolecular Mizoroki–Heck reaction of vinylsilanes

Copper-Catalyzed C(sp³)–S Bond and C(sp²)–S Bond Cross-Coupling of 2‑(2-Iodobenzoyl) Substituted or 2‑(2-Iodobenzyl) Substituted 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinolines with Potassium Sulfide: Synthesis of Isoquinoline-Fused 1,3-Benzothiazine Scaffolds

The sulfuration reaction of 2-(2-iodobenzoyl) substituted, or 2-(2-iodobenzyl) substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines with potassium sulfide proceeded in the presence of copper catalysts to give tetrahydroisoquinoline-fused 1,3-benzothiazine scaffolds in moderate to appropriate yields. This protocol provided an efficient and simple strategy to construct the corresponding benzothiazine derivatives via formation of C­(sp³)–S bond and C­(sp²)–S bond, which the C–S bonds formed via different routes in this reaction (traditional cross-coupling reaction via the cleavage of C–I bond and oxidative cross-coupling reaction via C­(sp³)–H bond functionalization)

Copper-Catalyzed Three-Component Synthesis of Benzothiazolethiones from <i>o</i>‑Iodoanilines, Isocyanide, and Potassium Sulfide

An efficient copper catalyzed strategy for the synthesis of a variety of benzothiazolethione derivatives has been developed. In the presence of CuCl, the three-component reaction of <i>o</i>-iodoanilines and K₂S with <i>p</i>-toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide proceeded smoothly to obtain the corresponding benzothiazolethiones in good to excellent isolated yields. Notably, isocyanide functioned as a carbon source and K₂S functioned as a sulfur source in this reaction

Simple and Sensitive Discrimination of Amino Acids with Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles

A chemiluminescence (CL) sensing method for amino acid discrimination based on luminol functionalized silver nanoparticles (LumAgNPs) has been developed. Luminescence emission in the presence of hydrogen peroxide under neutral conditions was characterized in three ways: the time required for the signal to appear (<i>T</i>_a), the time required to reach maximum luminescence (<i>T</i>_p), and CL intensity. These factors were found to change upon interaction of the nanoparticles with various amino acids, leading to distinct response patterns characteristic of each analyte. Seven amino acids (l-cysteine, l-proline, l-phenylalanine, l-arginine, l-threonine, l-glutamic acid, and l-tyrosine) were identified at a concentration of 10 ng/mL. This sensitivity is about 3 orders of magnitude better than that of recently reported methods based on fluorescent sensor arrays using cucurbit­[n]­uril and comparable to high-performance liquid chromatography. Application to 27 unknown samples gave a 96.3% success rate at the 10 ng/mL level

Dual Role of Alkynyl Bromides in One-Step Synthesis of Bromo-Substituted Alkynyl Sulfides

<div><p></p><p>An atom-economical and environmentally friendly method for synthesis of bromo-substituted alkynyl sulfides has been developed. In the absence of any additive, alkynyl bromides could react with tetrahydrothiophene to give bromo-substituted alkynyl sulfides in moderate to perfect yields.</p> </div

Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of 2‑Amino-dienes via Decarboxylative Amination of 4‑(Ethoxycarbonyl)-2,3-allenols by TsNCO

A metal-free decarboxylative amination of 4-(ethoxy­carbonyl)-2,3-allenols by TsNCO via base-induced aza-Michael addition/elimination has been developed. A variety of substituted <i>N</i>-tosyl 1,3-dien-2-yl amines were obtained in good yields and excellent regio- and stereoselectivity. Moreover, this transformation could be applied in preparation of 2-amino-trienes

Copper-Catalyzed Double C–S Bonds Formation <i>via</i> Different Paths: Synthesis of Benzothiazoles from <i>N</i>‑Benzyl-2-iodoaniline and Potassium Sulfide

A new, highly efficient procedure for the synthesis of benzothiazoles from easily available <i>N</i>-benzyl-2-iodoaniline and potassium sulfide has been developed. The results show copper-catalyzed double C–S bond formation via a traditional cross-coupling reaction and an oxidative cross-coupling reaction

Pd(II)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Polycyclic Heteroarenes via an Aminopalladation/C–H Activation/Dealkylation/Decarboxylative Cyclization Cascade

Until now, cascade reactions involving five-membered C,C-palladacycles rely heavily on Pd(0)-catalyzed C–H functionalization of aryl halides initiated by carbopalladation. Herein, we report a novel Pd(II)-catalyzed cascade decarboxylative cyclization of o-alkynylanilines initiated by aminopalladation. In this protocol, o-alkynylanilines undergo sequential anti aminopalladation, C–H activation, and dealkylation to form C,C-palladacycles, which are then trapped by o-bromobenzoic acids or 8-bromo-1-naphthoic acid to produce diverse polycyclic heteroarenes, such as dibenzo[a,c]carbazoles and multiple arene-fused cyclohepta[1,2-b]indoles