Symbol Definition.

<p>Symbol Definition.</p

Signcryption Efficiency Comparison.

<p>|<i>G</i>₁|: the length of the elements in <i>G</i>₁; |ID|: the length of ID; |<i>M</i>|: the length of the plaintext <i>M</i>;</p><p><i>m</i>: the number of signers (<i>m</i> = 1 in schemes <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0063562#pone.0063562-Yu1" target="_blank">[9]</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0063562#pone.0063562-Elkamchouchi1" target="_blank">[11]</a> and our scheme); <i>n</i>: the number of recipients.</p

De-signcryption Efficiency Comparison.

<p>|<i>M</i>|: the length of the plaintext <i>M</i>; <i>m</i>: the number of signers (<i>m</i> = 1 in schemes <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0063562#pone.0063562-Yu1" target="_blank">[9]</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0063562#pone.0063562-Elkamchouchi1" target="_blank">[11]</a> and our scheme); <i>n</i>: the number of recipients.</p><p>Note: N/A refers to a single-recipient scheme where the message is transmitted using a unicast communication channel, thus it is unnecessary for the recipient to judge whether he/she is authorized.</p

Comparison of merits and demerits.

<p><b>Note:</b> (*) refers to schemes prone to the <i>cross-comparison attack</i> and <i>joint conspiracy attack</i>.</p

Notations.

<p>Notations.</p

Individual Nanoantennas Loaded with Three-Dimensional Optical Nanocircuits

Nanoantennas are key optical components that bridge nanometer-scale optical signals to far-field, free-space radiation. In analogy to radio frequency antennas where tuning and impedance-matching are accomplished with lumped circuit elements, one could envision nanoantenna properties controlled by nanoscale, optical frequency circuit elements in which circuit operations are based on photons rather than electrons. A recent investigation of the infrared nanocircuits has demonstrated the filtering functionality using dielectric gratings. However, these two-dimensional prototypes have limited applicability in real-life devices. Here we experimentally demonstrate the first optical nanoscale circuits with fully three-dimensional lumped elements, which we use to tune and impedance-match a single optical dimer nanoantenna. We control the antenna resonance and impedance bandwidth using suitably designed loads with combinations of basic circuit elements: nanoscale capacitors, inductors, and resistors. Our results pave the way toward extending conventional circuit concepts into the visible domain for applications in data storage, wireless optical links, and related venues

Fluorescence Enhancement of Molecules Inside a Gold Nanomatryoshka

Metallic nanoparticles exhibiting plasmonic Fano resonances can provide large enhancements of their internal electric near field. Here we show that nanomatryoshkas, nanoparticles consisting of an Au core, an interstitial nanoscale SiO₂ layer, and an Au shell layer, can selectively provide either a strong enhancement or a quenching of the spontaneous emission of fluorophores dispersed within their internal dielectric layer. This behavior can be understood by taking into account the near-field enhancement induced by the Fano resonance of the nanomatryoshka, which is responsible for enhanced absorption of the fluorophores incorporated into the nanocomplex. The combination of compact size and enhanced light emission with internal encapsulation of the fluorophores for increased biocompatibility suggests outstanding potential for this type of nanoparticle complex in biomedical applications

Embedding Plasmonic Nanostructure Diodes Enhances Hot Electron Emission

When plasmonic nanostructures serve as the metallic counterpart of a metal–semiconductor Schottky interface, hot electrons due to plasmon decay are emitted across the Schottky barrier, generating measurable photocurrents in the semiconductor. When the plasmonic nanostructure is atop the semiconductor, only a small percentage of hot electrons are excited with a wavevector permitting transport across the Schottky barrier. Here we show that embedding plasmonic structures into the semiconductor substantially increases hot electron emission. Responsivities increase by 25× over planar diodes for embedding depths as small as 5 nm. The vertical Schottky barriers created by this geometry make the plasmon-induced hot electron process the dominant contributor to photocurrent in plasmonic nanostructure-diode-based devices

Substitutional Disorder of SeO₃^2–/IO₃^– in the Crystalline Solid Matrix: Insights into the Fate of Radionuclides ⁷⁹Se and ¹²⁹I in the Environment

As the crucial soluble species of long-lived radionuclides ¹²⁹I and ⁷⁹Se, iodate and selenite anions commonly share similar geometry of the trigonal pyramid XO₃ (X = I, Se) but in different valence states. Although large amounts of investigations have been performed aiming at understanding the environmental behavior of these two anions individually, studies on cases when they coexist are extremely scarce. Structurally well-characterized natural/synthetic crystalline solids simultaneously incorporating these two anions as potential solubility-limiting products at the nuclear waste geological depository remain elusive. We report here a crystalline solid Th­(IO₃)₂­(SeO₃) representing the first example of aliovalent substitution between IO₃^– and SeO₃^2– sharing the same structural site, as demonstrated by single crystal X-ray diffraction, laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis, and spectroscopic techniques including infrared, Raman, and X-ray absorption spectroscopies. Sequentially, in the Eu­(IO₃)₃ solid matrix, we demonstrated that the IO₃^– site can be sufficiently substituted by SeO₃^2– in the presence of Th⁴⁺ via simultaneous incorporation of Th⁴⁺ and SeO₃^2– in a charge-balancing mechanism. The obtained results provide insights into the environmental behavior of fission products ⁷⁹Se and ¹²⁹I: they may cocrystallize in one solid matrix and may be efficiently immobilized by incorporation into each other’s solid phase through solid solution

Long Noncoding RNA Expression Profiles of Lung Adenocarcinoma Ascertained by Microarray Analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to be involved in the development and progression of lung cancer. However, the roles of lncRNAs in lung cancer are not well understood.</p><p>Methodology/Principal Findings</p><p>We used a high-throughput microarray to compare the lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles in lung adenocarcinoma and normal tissue (NT) samples. Several candidate adenocarcinoma-associated lncRNAs were verified by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Using abundant and varied probes, we were able to assess 30,586 lncRNAs and 26,109 mRNAs in our microarray. We found that 2,420 lncRNAs and 1,109 mRNAs were differentially expressed (≥2-fold change) in lung adenocarcinoma samples and NT, indicating that many lncRNAs were significantly upregulated or downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma. We also found, via quantitative PCR, that 19 lncRNAs were aberrantly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma compared with matched histologically normal lung tissues. Among these, LOC100132354 and RPLP0P2 were the most aberrantly expressed lncRNAs, as estimated by quantitative PCR in 100 pairs of lung adenocarcinoma and NT samples.</p><p>Conclusions/Significance</p><p>Our study ascertained the expression patterns of lncRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma by microarray. The results revealed that many lncRNAs were differentially expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues and NT, suggesting that they may play a key role in tumor development.</p></div