Data_Sheet_1_Responses of the maize rhizosphere soil environment to drought-flood abrupt alternation stress.docx

Changes in the soil environment in the root zone will affect the growth, development and resistance of plants. The mechanism underlying the effect of drought and flood stress on rhizosphere bacterial diversity, soil metabolites and soil enzyme activity is not clear and needs further study. To analyze the dynamic changes in bacteria, metabolites and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere soil of maize under different drought-flood abrupt alternation (DFAA) stresses, the barrel test method was used to set up the ‘sporadic light rain’ to flooding (referring to trace rainfall to heavy rain) (DFAA1) group, ‘continuous drought’ to flooding (DFAA2) group and normal irrigation (CK) group from the jointing to the tassel flowering stage of maize. The results showed that Actinobacteria was the most dominant phylum in the two DFAA groups during the drought period and the rewatering period, and Proteobacteria was the most dominant phylum during the flooding period and the harvest period. The alpha diversity index of rhizosphere bacteria in the DFAA2 group during the flooding period was significantly lower than that in other stages, and the relative abundance of Chloroflexi was higher. The correlation analysis between the differential genera and soil metabolites of the two DFAA groups showed that the relative abundance of Paenibacillus in the DFAA1 group was higher during the drought period, and it was significantly positively correlated with the bioactive lipid metabolites. The differential SJA-15 bacterium was enriched in the DFAA2 group during the flooding period and were strongly correlated with biogenic amine metabolites. The relative abundances of Arthrobacter, Alphaproteobacteria and Brevibacillus in the DFAA2 group were higher compared with DFAA1 group from rewatering to harvest and were significantly positively correlated with hydrocarbon compounds and steroid hormone metabolites. The acid phosphatase activity of the DFAA1 group was significantly higher than that of the DFAA2 group during the flooding period. The study suggests that there is a yield compensation phenomenon in the conversion of ‘continuous drought’ to flooding compared with ‘sporadic light rain’, which is related to the improvement in the flooding tolerance of maize by the dominant bacteria Chloroflexi, bacterium SJA-15 and biogenic amine metabolites. These rhizosphere bacteria and soil metabolites may have the potential function of helping plants adapt to the DFAA environment. The study revealed the response of the maize rhizosphere soil environment to DFAA stress and provided new ideas for exploring the potential mechanism of crop yield compensation under DFAA.</p

Unusual Oxidation of an N-Heterocycle Ligand in a Metal−Organic Framework

An in situ ligand reaction from the pyridine cycle to −COO- in the copper−organic framework is achieved under hydrothermal conditions. Compound [Cu2(bpa)4] [1; bpa = 5-(4-bromophenyl)picolinic acid] exhibits a one-dimensional chain architecture based on weak Cu−O interactions. The mechanism of ligand transformation is discussed

A Divergent Synthesis of Functionalized Unsaturated δ-Lactones from α-Alkenoyl-α-carboxyl Ketene Dithioacetals

A divergent synthesis of functionalized unsaturated δ-lactones 2, 3, 4, and 5 has been developed starting from the readily available α-alkenoyl-α-carboxyl ketene dithioacetals 1 in high to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Thus, 6-substituted 3-(1,3-dithiolan/dithian-2-ylidene)-3H-pyran-2(6H)-ones 2, obtained from a consecutive reduction with NaBH4 and acidic workup of 1 via a novel vinylogous Pummerer cyclization, can be further transformed into α-pyranones 3, 4, and 5 upon a sequential isomerization catalyzed by triethylamine (to give 3), followed by dethioacetalization (to give 4) or a formylation with Vilsmeier reagent (to give 5)

Bipyridyl Second Ligand Dependent Structural and Magnetic Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate and Water Molecule as First Ligand

Three new mononuclear complexes [Cu(pdc)L(H2O)]·xH2O (L = 2,4′-bpy, x = 4 (1); L = 5-ph-2,4′-bpy, x = 2 (2); L = 5-Cl-2,4′-bpy, x = 0 (3)) were prepared in the reaction of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H2pdc) with divalent copper ions under hydrothermal conditions in the presence of three second bipyridyl ligands, respectively. The divalent copper ions adopted N2O3 five coordination with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate (pdc2−), one water, and 2,4′-bipyridine (2,4′-bpy) or its derivative such as 5-phenyl-2,4′-bipyridine (5-ph-2,4′-bpy) or 5-chloro-2,4′-bipyridine (5-Cl-2,4′-bpy), where lattice water clusters possessing different configuration are formed for 1 and 2. In 1, (H2O)8 molecules adopting a chairlike conformation stack along the a-axis to form a water tape. Hexameric water cluster self-assembles forming a highly ordered comblike infinite chain in 2. Unlike 1 and 2, no lattice water molecule was found in 3, except one coordination water molecule as found in 1 and 2. It was found that the antiferromagnetic interactions between the CuII ions can be tuned by the number of lattice water molecules for these three complexes

Additional file 2 of Duhuo Jisheng decoction alleviates neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain by suppressing microglial M1 polarization: a network pharmacology research

Additional file 2. Fig S1: M2 polarisation

Unusual Oxidation of an N-Heterocycle Ligand in a Metal−Organic Framework

An in situ ligand reaction from the pyridine cycle to −COO- in the copper−organic framework is achieved under hydrothermal conditions. Compound [Cu2(bpa)4] [1; bpa = 5-(4-bromophenyl)picolinic acid] exhibits a one-dimensional chain architecture based on weak Cu−O interactions. The mechanism of ligand transformation is discussed

A Divergent Synthesis of Functionalized Unsaturated δ-Lactones from α-Alkenoyl-α-carboxyl Ketene Dithioacetals

A divergent synthesis of functionalized unsaturated δ-lactones 2, 3, 4, and 5 has been developed starting from the readily available α-alkenoyl-α-carboxyl ketene dithioacetals 1 in high to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Thus, 6-substituted 3-(1,3-dithiolan/dithian-2-ylidene)-3H-pyran-2(6H)-ones 2, obtained from a consecutive reduction with NaBH4 and acidic workup of 1 via a novel vinylogous Pummerer cyclization, can be further transformed into α-pyranones 3, 4, and 5 upon a sequential isomerization catalyzed by triethylamine (to give 3), followed by dethioacetalization (to give 4) or a formylation with Vilsmeier reagent (to give 5)

Bipyridyl Second Ligand Dependent Structural and Magnetic Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate and Water Molecule as First Ligand

Three new mononuclear complexes [Cu(pdc)L(H2O)]·xH2O (L = 2,4′-bpy, x = 4 (1); L = 5-ph-2,4′-bpy, x = 2 (2); L = 5-Cl-2,4′-bpy, x = 0 (3)) were prepared in the reaction of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H2pdc) with divalent copper ions under hydrothermal conditions in the presence of three second bipyridyl ligands, respectively. The divalent copper ions adopted N2O3 five coordination with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate (pdc2−), one water, and 2,4′-bipyridine (2,4′-bpy) or its derivative such as 5-phenyl-2,4′-bipyridine (5-ph-2,4′-bpy) or 5-chloro-2,4′-bipyridine (5-Cl-2,4′-bpy), where lattice water clusters possessing different configuration are formed for 1 and 2. In 1, (H2O)8 molecules adopting a chairlike conformation stack along the a-axis to form a water tape. Hexameric water cluster self-assembles forming a highly ordered comblike infinite chain in 2. Unlike 1 and 2, no lattice water molecule was found in 3, except one coordination water molecule as found in 1 and 2. It was found that the antiferromagnetic interactions between the CuII ions can be tuned by the number of lattice water molecules for these three complexes

Bipyridyl Second Ligand Dependent Structural and Magnetic Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate and Water Molecule as First Ligand

Three new mononuclear complexes [Cu(pdc)L(H2O)]·xH2O (L = 2,4′-bpy, x = 4 (1); L = 5-ph-2,4′-bpy, x = 2 (2); L = 5-Cl-2,4′-bpy, x = 0 (3)) were prepared in the reaction of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H2pdc) with divalent copper ions under hydrothermal conditions in the presence of three second bipyridyl ligands, respectively. The divalent copper ions adopted N2O3 five coordination with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate (pdc2−), one water, and 2,4′-bipyridine (2,4′-bpy) or its derivative such as 5-phenyl-2,4′-bipyridine (5-ph-2,4′-bpy) or 5-chloro-2,4′-bipyridine (5-Cl-2,4′-bpy), where lattice water clusters possessing different configuration are formed for 1 and 2. In 1, (H2O)8 molecules adopting a chairlike conformation stack along the a-axis to form a water tape. Hexameric water cluster self-assembles forming a highly ordered comblike infinite chain in 2. Unlike 1 and 2, no lattice water molecule was found in 3, except one coordination water molecule as found in 1 and 2. It was found that the antiferromagnetic interactions between the CuII ions can be tuned by the number of lattice water molecules for these three complexes

Bipyridyl Second Ligand Dependent Structural and Magnetic Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate and Water Molecule as First Ligand

Three new mononuclear complexes [Cu(pdc)L(H2O)]·xH2O (L = 2,4′-bpy, x = 4 (1); L = 5-ph-2,4′-bpy, x = 2 (2); L = 5-Cl-2,4′-bpy, x = 0 (3)) were prepared in the reaction of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H2pdc) with divalent copper ions under hydrothermal conditions in the presence of three second bipyridyl ligands, respectively. The divalent copper ions adopted N2O3 five coordination with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate (pdc2−), one water, and 2,4′-bipyridine (2,4′-bpy) or its derivative such as 5-phenyl-2,4′-bipyridine (5-ph-2,4′-bpy) or 5-chloro-2,4′-bipyridine (5-Cl-2,4′-bpy), where lattice water clusters possessing different configuration are formed for 1 and 2. In 1, (H2O)8 molecules adopting a chairlike conformation stack along the a-axis to form a water tape. Hexameric water cluster self-assembles forming a highly ordered comblike infinite chain in 2. Unlike 1 and 2, no lattice water molecule was found in 3, except one coordination water molecule as found in 1 and 2. It was found that the antiferromagnetic interactions between the CuII ions can be tuned by the number of lattice water molecules for these three complexes