Data_Sheet_1_Effects of water volume of drip irrigation on soil bacterial communities and its association with soil properties in jujube cultivation.docx

IntroductionJujube is one of an important crop in Xinjiang, China, a area suffered by water scarcity and DI has been proven as a suitable mode for jujube cultivation. Soil bacterial community play a vital role in biogeochemical cycles to support the crop growth, and water content is considered as one of the important factors for them. However, limited research has explored the optimum irrigation strategies, such as water volume of DI, to maximize the benefits of jujube cultivation by regulating the soil bacterial communities.MethodsTherefore, in this study, we conducted DI experiments on jujube fields in Xinjiang with three different water volume levels, and measured the soil properties and bacterial communities of the flowering and fruit setting (FFS) and end of growth (EG) stages.Results and discussionSignificant lower jujube yield and soil available nutrients were observed in samples with low water amount. In addition, we discovered significant effects of the water amount of DI and jujube growth stages on soil bacterial communities. Based on the compare of samples among different growth stages and water amounts some growth stage related bacterial genera (Mycobacterium, Bradyrhizobium, and Bacillus) and water amount-related bacterial phyla (Chloroflexi, Nitrospirota, and Myxococcota) were recognized. Moreover, according to the results of null model, soil bacterial communities were governed by stochastic and deterministic processes under middle and low water volumes of DI, respectively. Finally, we deduced that middle water amount (600 mm) could be the optimal condition of DI for jujube cultivation because the higher jujube yield, deterministic assembly, and stronger correlations between soil properties and bacterial community under this condition. Our findings provide guidance for promoting the application of DI in jujube cultivation, and further research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of soil bacterial community to promote the jujube yield.</p

Additional file 1 of Outlier detection in spatial error models using modified thresholding-based iterative procedure for outlier detection approach

Supplementary Material 1

Data_Sheet_1_RNAi of Sterol Δ24-Isomerase Implicated Its Involvement in Physalin Biosynthesis in Physalis angulata L..PDF

Physalis angulata is a renowned traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of various conditions. Physalin is the major type of bioactive constituents conferring medicinal properties of P. angulata. Despite the medicinal importance, the pathways leading to physalin are largely unknown. In this study, we employed a transcriptomic approach to identify a Pa24ISO gene from P. angulata. Through heterologous expression in yeast, Pa24ISO was revealed to catalyze an isomerization reaction in converting 24-methylenecholesterol to 24-methyldesmosterol. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the abundance of Pa24ISO transcripts correlated with the accumulation pattern of physalin B in different tissues of P. angulata. A direct role of Pa24ISO in channeling of 24-methylenecholesterol for physalin B biosynthesis was illustrated by suppressing the gene in P. angulata via the VIGS approach. Down-regulation of Pa24ISO led to reduced levels of 24-methyldesmosterol and physalin B, accompanied with an increase of campesterol content in P. angulata. The results supported that 24ISO is involved in physalin biosynthesis in plants.</p

Relaxations of Entropically Stressed Polymer Glasses

Deviations of chain conformations from Gaussian statistics induce entropic stress that affects the dynamics of polymer materials. Understanding its role is further complicated by the presence of enthalpic stresses, arising from the concurring change in bond energy and intermolecular interactions. By fabricating oriented poly(methyl methacrylate) brushes free from backbone deformation, we successfully identified the role of entropic stress on the nonisothermal relaxation of chains at both global and local levels. We show that the entropic stress unjams the local backbones and is responsible for the occurrence of a stress-sensitive glassy state near Tg, where the local backbone motion provokes chain contraction upon heating. Remarkably, the intrachain stress does not affect local secondary relaxations involving side-group rotation nor thermal expansion in the deep glassy state. These results cast light on the dynamics and fundamental molecular mechanics of oriented, stressful polymer glasses, such as textile fibers

Dynamic Information Encryption Technology by Combining Photochromic Spiropyrans and Carbon Dots

Nowadays, high security of information encryption technology, especially time-dependent encryption, is becoming more and more important, but it is still a huge challenge. Here, we have developed a new time-dependent information encryption technology by combining a photochromic spiropyran molecule with a titanium dioxide (TiO2)-grafted carbon dots (CDs) system. The color of these composite materials can be reversibly switched between purple and colorless via irradiation of UV light and white light. Controlling the isomerization of spiropyran units can regulate the mechanism of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the acceptor (spiropyran molecule) and the donor (CDs), thereby resulting in reversible absorption/emission adjustment capability. With the prolongation of irradiation time, the fluorescence emission alters continuously from blue to pink and then to red in 20 min through the FRET process. During this process, false or correct information will be produced and the correct information can be identified at a predesigned period of time. This unique information encryption technology will greatly increase the difficulty of anti-counterfeiting

Dietary Methionine via Dose-Dependent Inhibition of Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production Capacity Contributed to a Potential Risk of Cognitive Dysfunction in Mice

High-methionine diets induce impaired learning and memory function, dementia-like neurodegeneration, and Alzheimer’s disease, while low-methionine diets improve learning and memory function. We speculated that variations in intestinal microbiota may mediate these diametrically opposed effects; thus, this study aimed to verify this hypothesis. The ICR mice were fed either a low-methionine diet (LM, 0.17% methionine), normal methionine diet (NM, 0.86% methionine), or high-methionine diet (HM, 2.58% methionine) for 11 weeks. We found that HM diets damaged nonspatial recognition memory, working memory, and hippocampus-dependent spatial memory and induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice. LM diets improved nonspatial recognition memory and hippocampus-dependent spatial memory and ameliorated anxiety-like behavior, but the differences did not reach a significant level. Moreover, HM diets significantly decreased the abundance of putative short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria (Roseburia, Blautia, Faecalibaculum, and Bifidobacterium) and serotonin-producing bacteria (Turicibacter) and significantly increased the abundance of proinflammatory bacteria Escherichia–Shigella. Of note, LM diets reversed the results. Consequently, the SCFA and serotonin levels were significantly decreased with HM diets and significantly increased with LM diets. Furthermore, HM diets induced hippocampal oxidative stress and inflammation and selectively downregulated the hippocampus-dependent memory-related gene expression, whereas LM diets selectively upregulated the hippocampus-dependent memory-related gene expression. In conclusion, dietary methionine via dose-dependent inhibition of SCFA production capacity contributed to a potential risk of cognitive dysfunction in mice

Reactions of Isocyanides with Metal Carbyne Complexes: Isolation and Characterization of Metallacyclopropenimine Intermediates

η²-Iminoketenyl species have often been postulated as the intermediates in nucleophile-induced carbyne–isocyanide C–C coupling processes. However, such species are elusive. Here we report direct formation of η²-imino­ketenyl complexes from reactions of metalla­pentalyne with isocyanides. Our studies show that steric effects of N-substituents of the isocyanides play an important role in the stability of the three-membered metalla­cycles of the η²-imino­ketenyl complexes. Sterically bulky isocyanides, such as <i>tert</i>-butyl or 1-adamantyl isocyanides, inhibit bending at the isocyanide nitrogen atoms, a requirement for formation of η²-imino­ketenyl structures. Reactions of metalla­pentalyne with excess isocyanide allow the metal-bridged metalla­indene derivativesto be isolated as a result of the isocyanide insertion into the M–C_α σ bond of metalla­pentalyne

Preparation of [Amine-Terminated Generation 5 Poly(amidoamine)]-<i>graft</i>-Poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) Electrospun Nanofibrous Mats for Scaffold-Mediated Gene Transfection

Combining biomaterial scaffolds with gene cargos for gene therapy is promising for tissue engineering. Herein, we developed a gene delivery platform through surface grafting of amine-terminated generation 5 poly­(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers (G5·NH2) with biodegradable electrospun poly­(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibers by combining layer-by-layer (LbL) electrostatic assembly technology with dendrimer chemistry. PLGA nanofibers were precoated with positively charged poly­(diallydimethylammoium chloride) and poly­(acrylic acid) through electrostatic interaction and then subsequently cross-linked with G5·NH2 dendrimer covalently through 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)­propyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride chemistry. The successful grafting of G5·NH2 dendrimer on PLGA nanofibers was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy studies show that smooth, uniform morphology of nanofibers does not significantly change after grafting of G5·NH2 dendrimers except for a slight increase in the fiber diameter, whereas atomic force microscopy images at a high-resolution scale indicated a slightly rough surface for PLGA nanofibers after grafting with G5·NH2 dendrimer. Additionally, PLGA nanofibrous scaffolds became hydrophilic after grafting with G5·NH2 dendrimers. Biological investigation showed that the developed G5·NH2-g-PLGA nanofibrous scaffolds not only allowed for the attachment and proliferation of NIH 3T3 cells but also were capable of complexing pDNA and delivering pDNA/dendrimer complex for solid state gene transfection in situ. The functionalization of PLGA nanofibers with dendrimers may find diverse applications in the area of tissue engineering, gene therapy, and drug delivery

Dynamic Anticounterfeiting Through Novel Photochromic Spiropyran-Based Switch@Ln-MOF Composites

Fluorescent materials presenting unique color changes in response to external stimuli have wide applications in information storage and anticounterfeiting. However, developing intelligent fluorescent materials with high security levels and dynamically displaying encrypted information is still a challenge. Herein, we report a new method for constructing excellent fluorescent materials by loading the photochromic molecule spiropyran into a lanthanide metal–organic framework. Controlling the isomerization of the spiropyran unit regulates the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism between the spiropyran acceptor and the lanthanide donor, leading to an exceptional reversible absorption/luminescence modulation ability. As the irradiation time is extended, the fluorescent color changes continuously from yellow-greenish to orange and then to red through the FRET process within 60 s. This composite system has great potential in anticounterfeiting because of the following advantages: (1) the materials have different fluorescence emissions and optical colors regulated by ultraviolet radiation, which is convenient for designing complex anticounterfeiting patterns; (2) the system can be repeatedly verified quickly and exhibit dynamic fluorescence color within 60 s, having great potential in advanced anticounterfeiting, where time is key in encryption/decryption. These unique advantages will greatly enhance the reliability of anticounterfeiting measures and increase the difficulty of anticounterfeiting