Baseline patient characteristics.

<p>Data are mean (SD), median (IQR), or number of patients (%). ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; ACE/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme/angiotensin-receptor blocker; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.</p><p>Baseline patient characteristics.</p

Spearman’s correlation coefficients between urinary L-FABP levels with clinical characteristic of patients.

<p>ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.</p><p>Spearman’s correlation coefficients between urinary L-FABP levels with clinical characteristic of patients.</p

Independent predictors of urinary L-FABP^* in multivariate linear regression models.

<p>^*Log-transformed variables.</p><p>ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ACE/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme/angiotensin-receptor blocker.</p><p>Independent predictors of urinary L-FABP<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0126990#t003fn001" target="_blank">^*</a> in multivariate linear regression models.</p

Urinary L-FABP levels and anemia.

<p>Patients with anemia had significantly higher urinary L-FABP levels than patients without anemia (5.6 μg/gCr [2.3–20.2] vs. 3.3 μg/gCr [0.2–7.4], P = 0.002).</p

Urinary L-FABP levels and albuminuria.

<p>Patients with albuminuria had significantly higher urinary L-FABP levels than patients without albuminuria (7.9 μg/gCr [2.0–21.2] vs. 2.8 μg/gCr [0.3–6.1], P < 0.001).</p

Early Mortality Was Highly and Strongly Associated with Functional Status in Incident Japanese Hemodialysis Patients: A Cohort Study of the Large National Dialysis Registry

<div><p>Background</p><p>Although dialysis is typically started in an effort to prolong survival, mortality is reportedly high in the first few months. However, it remains unclear whether this is true in Japanese patients who tend to have a better prognosis than other ethnicities, and if health conditions such as functional status (FS) at initiation of dialysis influence prognosis.</p><p>Methods</p><p>We investigated the epidemiology of early death and its association with FS using Japanese national registry data in 2007, which included 35,415 patients on incident dialysis and 7,664 with FS data. The main outcome was early death, defined as death within 3 months after initiation of hemodialysis (HD). The main predictor was FS at initiation of HD. Levels of functional disability were categorized as follows: severe (bedridden), moderate (overt difficulties in exerting basic activities of daily living), or mild/none (none or some functional disabilities).</p><p>Results</p><p>Early death remained relatively common, especially among elderly patients (overall: 7.1%; those aged ≥80 years: 15.8%). Severely and even only a moderately impaired FS were significantly associated with early death after starting dialysis (adjusted risk ratios: 3.93 and 2.38, respectively). The incidence of early death in those with impaired FS increased with age (36.5% in those with severely impaired FS and aged ≥80 years).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Early death after starting dialysis was relatively common, especially among the elderly, even in Japanese patients. Further, early death was significantly associated with impaired FS at initiation of HD.</p></div

Additional file 1 of Laxative use and mortality in patients on haemodialysis: a prospective cohort study

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Drugs defined as laxatives in this study. Supplementary Table S2. Definition of secondary outcomes (cause-specific death) for the current study. Supplementary Table S3. Characteristics of study participants observed over 1.5 years. Supplementary Table S4. Sensitivity analysis dividing the laxative group into stimulant laxative group or non-stimulant laxative group. Supplementary Figure S1. Flow chart of study participants’ selectio

Cumulative probability of early mortality 3, 6, and 12 months after the start of hemodialysis by age (n = 33,281).

<p>Patients who stopped receiving hemodialysis 3 months or more after the initiation of hemodialysis were excluded. During the 3 to 6 months after starting hemodialysis, 105 patients terminated hemodialysis and 65 received transplantation; during the 6 to 12 months after starting hemodialysis, 38 patients terminated hemodialysis and 73 received transplantation.</p

Baseline Characteristics of Subjects Compared Among Those with Different Functional Status (n = 7,664).

<p>Baseline Characteristics of Subjects Compared Among Those with Different Functional Status (n = 7,664).</p

Baseline Characteristics and All-cause Mortality Compared between Those Who Were Enrolled and Excluded from This study.

<p>Baseline Characteristics and All-cause Mortality Compared between Those Who Were Enrolled and Excluded from This study.</p