Infection frequencies of the obligate symbiont in female and male <i>B. tabaci</i>.

<p>Columns indicate a female-biased obligate symbiont, <i>P. aleyrodidarum</i> infection in the 5 populations of whiteflies; and the infection rate in females in each population was all significantly higher than that in males. *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01, and ***<i>P</i><0.0001.</p

Nucleotide sequence of the primers that were used in the present study.

<p>Nucleotide sequence of the primers that were used in the present study.</p

Multiple infection frequencies of facultative symbionts in female and male <i>B. tabaci</i>.

<p>Different letters represent different symbiont combinations: HCW, <i>Hamiltonella</i>, <i>Cardinium</i> and <i>Wolbachia</i>; HC, <i>Hamiltonella</i> and <i>Cardinium</i>; HR, <i>Hamiltonella</i> and <i>Rickettsia</i>; HW, <i>Hamiltonella</i> and <i>Wolbachia</i>; and CW, <i>Cardinium</i> and <i>Wolbachia</i>.</p><p><i>P</i><0.01,</p><p><i>P</i><0.0001.</p

Infection frequencies of the facultative symbiont <i>Hamiltonella</i> in female and male <i>B. tabaci</i>.

<p><i>Hamiltonella</i> was the predominant facultative symbiont identified in the 5 populations, and the overall infection frequency of <i>Hamiltonella</i> in females was significantly higher than that in males, whereas infection frequencies did not differ between females and males in every population; in two populations of the whiteflies, more females than males harbored <i>Hamiltonella</i>, whereas in the other three populations, the <i>Hamiltonella</i> infection frequencies of females and males were at similar levels.</p

Rates of female and male viruliferous whiteflies.

<p>The TYLCV infection was sexual different, and the rate of viruliferous whiteflies in females was significantly higher than that in males.</p

Toxic nectar r1

Toxic necta

Modulation of olfactory learning in honey bees data

Modulation of olfactory learning in honey bees dat

AceranaEavesDataDryad3

Eavesdropping behavioral and electrophysiological dat

Learning and retention of three combinations of two sequential presentations of two odors: nonanal-hexanal, hornet-hexanal and IPA-hexanal.

<p>(a) Acquisition functions for the three combinations. (b) Retention scores after training to one of the three odor combinations one hour after the last acquisition trial (gray bars). In addition, the PER of three groups of naïve animals is shown for the three combinations (black bars).</p

EAG responses of <i>A</i>.<i>cerana</i> to live hornet odor.

<p>EAG responses of <i>A</i>.<i>cerana</i> to live hornet odor.</p