Relative risk for dialysis or death in the schizophrenia cohort.

<p>^a Incidence per 1,000 person-years</p><p>^b Model is adjusted for age, gender, CCI score, comorbidity (DM, and hypertension), NHI registration location, and income</p><p>^c Patients were followed from 2000.01.01, until starting dialysis, death or end of the follow-up (2004.12.31), whichever came first</p><p>**<i>P</i> < 0.001.</p><p>HR: hazard ratio.</p

(A) The study flow chart of the Schizophrenia Cohort; (B) The study flow chart of the Dialysis Cohort.

<p>(A) The study flow chart of the Schizophrenia Cohort; (B) The study flow chart of the Dialysis Cohort.</p

Flow chart showing selection of study subjects.

<p>Abbreviation: ESRD, end stage renal disease; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; PTX, parathyroidectomy.</p

Cumulative incidence curves of PAD for PTX and non-PTX groups.

Abbreviation: PAD, peripheral arterial disease; PTX, parathyroidectomy.</p

All-cause mortality of the dialysis cohort stratified by different characteristics.

<p>^a Mortality: number per 1,000 person-years</p><p>^b Model is adjusted for age, gender, NHI registration location, income, CCI score, DM, nephrologists visit and year</p><p>CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index, DM: diabetes mellitus, HR: hazard ratio, Nephrologist visit: in six months prior to dialysis initiation.</p

Additional file 1: of Factors affecting fistula failure in patients on chronic hemodialysis: a population–based case–control study

Table S1. Analysis of factors affecting late fistula failure in patients on chronic hemodialysis. (DOCX 17 kb

Additional file 3: of Factors affecting fistula failure in patients on chronic hemodialysis: a population–based case–control study

Table S2. Characteristics of patients categorized by dialysis provider level without dialysis catheter indwelling. (DOCX 18 kb

Additional file 2: of Factors affecting fistula failure in patients on chronic hemodialysis: a population–based case–control study

Figure S1. Multivariable analyses of late fistula failure of patients on chronic hemodialysis without dialysis catheter indwelling. CCI: Charlson comorbidity index; CHF: congestive heart failure; CVA: cerebrovascular accident; DM: diabetes mellitus; HTN: hypertension; IHD: ischemic heart disease; LCL: lower confidence limit; LFF: late fistula failure; NTD: new Taiwan dollar; OR: odds ratio; PVD: peripheral vascular disease UCL: upper confidence limit. (TIF 1081 kb

Lower Incidence of End-Stage Renal Disease but Suboptimal Pre-Dialysis Renal Care in Schizophrenia: A 14-Year Nationwide Cohort Study

<div><p>Schizophrenia is closely associated with cardiovascular risk factors which are consequently attributable to the development of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, no study has been conducted to examine ESRD-related epidemiology and quality of care before starting dialysis for patients with schizophrenia. By using nationwide health insurance databases, we identified 54,361 ESRD-free patients with schizophrenia and their age-/gender-matched subjects without schizophrenia for this retrospective cohort study (the schizophrenia cohort). We also identified a cohort of 1,244 adult dialysis patients with and without schizophrenia (1:3) to compare quality of renal care before dialysis and outcomes (the dialysis cohort). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for dialysis and death. Odds ratio (OR) derived from logistic regression models were used to delineate quality of pre-dialysis renal care. Compared to general population, patients with schizophrenia were less likely to develop ESRD (HR = 0.6; 95% CI 0.4–0.8), but had a higher risk for death (HR = 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.3). Patients with schizophrenia at the pre-ESRD stage received suboptimal pre-dialysis renal care; for example, they were less likely to visit nephrologists (OR = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4–0.8) and received fewer erythropoietin prescriptions (OR = 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6–0.9). But they had a higher risk of hospitalization in the first year after starting dialysis (OR = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0–1.8, <i>P</i> < .05). Patients with schizophrenia undertaking dialysis had higher risk for mortality than the general ESRD patients. A closer collaboration between psychiatrists and nephrologists or internists to minimize the gaps in quality of general care is recommended.</p></div

DataSheet1_Statin Therapy for Hyperlipidemic Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study Based on 925,418 Adults in Taiwan.docx

Background: For non-dialysis patients with hyperlipidemia, statins may provide clinical benefits in reducing mortality risk; however, the optimal treatment for dialysis patients with hyperlipidemia remains debatable. We evaluated the mortality risks for hyperlipidemic patients with renal disorders associated with statin therapy (ST), using the insurance claims data of Taiwan.Methods: From hyperlipidemic patients diagnosed in 2000–2011, we identified 555,153 patients receiving statin treatment for at least 90 days continuously and 1,141,901 non-statin users, and then randomly selected, from both groups, the propensity score-matched subcohorts of statin users and nonusers in a 1:1 pair by renal function: 415,453 pairs with normal renal function , 43,632 pairs with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and 3,624 pairs with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We compared the mortalities, by the end of 2016, from all causes, cancer, heart disease, and septicemia between statin users and non-users and between hydrophilic-statin users and lipophilic-statin users. The Cox method estimated ST users to non-user hazard ratios. The time-dependent model was also conducted as sensitivity analysis.Results: The mean ages were 58.7 ± 10.7, 64.2 ± 10.7, and 62.2 ± 10.8 years in normal renal function, CKD, and ESRD groups, respectively. Compared with non-users, statin users had reduced mortality risks from all causes for 32%–38%, from cancer for 37%–46%, from heart disease for 6%–24%, and from septicemia for 17%–21% in all three renal groups. The hydrophilic statin therapy was superior than the lipophilic statin therapy, particularly for reducing deaths from all-causes and cancer. The results under the time-dependent model were similar.Conclusion: Statin therapy is associated with reduced all-causes and non-cardiovascular mortality in ESRD patients.</p