Propofol attenuates CoCl₂-induced TNF-α generation.

<p>A, In BV2 cells, 500 μM CoCl₂ treatment induced TNF-α generation in a time-dependent manner, and 8h treatment significantly increased TNF-α generation. B, propofol attenuated CoCl₂-induced TNF-α generation in a suitable concentration. 25μM propofol significantly reduced TNF-α generation. C, propofol alone had no effect on TNF-α generation. (* p < 0.05 vs. control, # p < 0.05 vs. CoCl₂ treatement, n = 5, Data were shown as mean ± SD).</p

Effects of propofol, BAPTA-AM, KN93, U0126, INCB039110 on CoCl₂ induced TNF-α generation.

<p>CoCl₂ treatment induced TNF-α generation was attenuated by propofol and BAPTA-AM, KN93, U0126. The effect of propofol on TNF-α generation was reversed by INCB039110. (* p < 0.05 vs. control, # p < 0.05 vs. CoCl₂ treatement, n = 5, Data were shown as mean ± SD).</p

Effects of propofol, BAPTA-AM, KN93, U0126 on CoCl₂ induced the phosphorylation of CAMKIIα, ERK, NF-κB.

<p>CoCl₂-induced the phosphorylation of CAMKIIα, ERK and NF-κB were attenuated by propofol, BAPTA-AM, KN93 and U0126. (* p < 0.05 vs. control, # p < 0.05 vs. CoCl₂ treatement, n = 5, Data were shown as mean ± SD).</p

Effects of propofol on CoCl₂ induced the destruction of intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis and the phosphorylation of CAMKIIα, ERK, NF-κB.

<p>A and B, CoCl₂-increased intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration was attenuated by propofol. C, D, E, F, G and H, CoCl₂-induced the phosphorylation of CAMKIIα, ERK and NF-κB were attenuated by propofol. (* p < 0.05 vs. control, # p < 0.05 vs. CoCl₂ treatement, n = 5, Data were shown as mean ± SD).</p

Effects of propofol, BAPTA-AM, KN93, U0126 on CoCl₂ induced cell apoptosis.

<p>A and B, CoCl₂-increased cell apoptosis was attenuated by propofol, BAPTA-AM, KN93 and U0126. C and E, CoCl₂-induced cleaved caspase 3 overexpression was attenuated by propofol, BAPTA-AM, KN93 and U0126. D and F, CoCl₂, propofol, BAPTA-AM, KN93 and U0126 had no effect on the expression of pro-caspase 3. (* p < 0.05 vs. control, # p < 0.05 vs. CoCl₂ treatement, n = 5, Data were shown as mean ± SD).</p