Enumerasi Total Populasi Mikroba Tanah Gambut Di Teluk Meranti Kabupaten Riau

Teluk Meranti is one of the peatland area in Riau province. Most of these lands have beenchanged into palm oil plantation, timber plantation, agricultural area and settlement. Theaim of this research was to analyze the impact of land use changes on soil physical-chemical characteristics and microbial cell number. Soil samples were taken from eightdifferent locations, namely primary forest as control, secondary forest, rubber plantation(15 monthsyears old), rubber forest (40-60 years old), palm oil plantation (7-8 years old),acacia plantation (2-3 years old), corn field, and cassava field. Microbial cell number wasdetermined by spread plate method, employing appropriate media for the growth ofbacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. The results showed that the soil humidity, soiltemperature, percentage of soil dry weight, water content, soil bulk density and pH rangedfrom 29,63-55,88%, 27-31,5 o C, 14,9-35,5%, 64,9-85,1%, 0,16-0,39 g/cm 3 and 3,63-4,00,respectively. The copiotrophic bacterial cell number ranged from 0,6x10 5 -1,8x10 5 CFU/gsoil where the highest population was at the palm oil plantation,whereas the oligotrophicbacterial cell number ranged from 0,5x10 5 -1,4x10 5 CFU/g soil where the highest populationwas at the palm oil plantation. The population of fungi ranged from 0,4x10 5 -1,0x10 5 CFU/gsoil where the highest population was at the corn field. The population of actinomycetesranged from 0,4x10 5 -10,7x10 5 CFU/g soil where the highest population was at the palm oilplantation. Land use changes caused microbial cell number increased. The results indicatedthat land use changes influenced the microbial cell numbers

From Nonporous to Porous Doubly-Pillared-Layer Framework: Control over Interpenetration via Shape Alteration of Layer Apertures

By introducing an amino substituent group on the dicarboxylate ligand, a porous doubly pillared-layer framework [Co2(abdc)2(bpy)2]·8DMF (2; abdc = 2-amino-1,4-benzene dicarboxylate, bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine) has been obtained, which represents a shape/size modulation of the layer apertures to control over 2-fold interpenetration arising from the nonporous structure of [Co2(bdc)2(bpy)2] (1; bdc = 1,4-benzene dicarboxylate). The bulk-phase purity, framework robustness and permanent porosity of 2 have been confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and gas adsorption isotherms

From Nonporous to Porous Doubly-Pillared-Layer Framework: Control over Interpenetration via Shape Alteration of Layer Apertures

By introducing an amino substituent group on the dicarboxylate ligand, a porous doubly pillared-layer framework [Co₂(abdc)₂(bpy)₂]·8DMF (<b>2</b>; abdc = 2-amino-1,4-benzene dicarboxylate, bpy = 4,4′-bipyridine) has been obtained, which represents a shape/size modulation of the layer apertures to control over 2-fold interpenetration arising from the nonporous structure of [Co₂(bdc)₂(bpy)₂] (<b>1</b>; bdc = 1,4-benzene dicarboxylate). The bulk-phase purity, framework robustness and permanent porosity of <b>2</b> have been confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and gas adsorption isotherms

High Methane Storage Working Capacity in Metal–Organic Frameworks with Acrylate Links

High methane storage capacity in porous materials is important for the design and manufacture of vehicles powered by natural gas. Here, we report the synthesis, crystal structures and methane adsorption properties of five new zinc metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), MOF-905, MOF-905-Me₂, MOF-905-Naph, MOF-905-NO₂, and MOF-950. All these MOFs consist of the Zn₄O­(−CO₂)₆ secondary building units (SBUs) and benzene-1,3,5-tri-β-acrylate, BTAC. The permanent porosity of all five materials was confirmed, and their methane adsorption measured up to 80 bar to reveal that MOF-905 is among the best performing methane storage materials with a volumetric working capacity (desorption at 5 bar) of 203 cm³ cm^–3 at 80 bar and 298 K, a value rivaling that of HKUST-1 (200 cm³ cm^–3), the benchmark compound for methane storage in MOFs. This study expands the scope of MOF materials with ultrahigh working capacity to include linkers having the common acrylate connectivity

Pillaring Zn-Triazolate Layers with Flexible Aliphatic Dicarboxylates into Three-Dimensional Metal−Organic Frameworks

Solvothermal treatments of Zn(II) salts and 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole in mixed water−dimethylformamide solvent produced a two-dimensional, wavy layer structure [Zn(atz)(fa)] (1, Hfa = formic acid) with a 4.82 Zn(atz) topology. While carbonate, oxalate, and aliphatic dicarboxylates are used to replace the terminal formate ligand, a series of three-dimensional pillared-layer metal−organic frameworks, namely, [Zn2(atz)2(CO3)]·3H2O (2), [Zn4(atz)4(CO3)(ox)]·3H2O (3, H2ox = oxalic acid), [Zn2(atz)2(sca)] (4, H2sca = succinic acid), [Zn2(atz)2(ada)] (5, H2ada = adipic acid), [Zn2(atz)2(sba)] (6, H2sba = suberic acid), [Zn2(atz)2(aza)] (7, H2aza = azelaic acid), and [Zn2(atz)2(sea)] (8, H2sea = sebacylic acid), are constructed. The crystal structural analyses demonstrate that the dicarboxylates have a significant impact on the Zn(atz) layers, which adopt various corrugated configurations in these three-dimensional metal−organic frameworks due to the different lengths and geometries of these pillars. Thermal stabilities of these compounds were examined by thermogravimetric analysis, while N2 adsorption measurements were analyzed for the porous 2 and 3

High Methane Storage Working Capacity in Metal–Organic Frameworks with Acrylate Links

High methane storage capacity in porous materials is important for the design and manufacture of vehicles powered by natural gas. Here, we report the synthesis, crystal structures and methane adsorption properties of five new zinc metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), MOF-905, MOF-905-Me2, MOF-905-Naph, MOF-905-NO2, and MOF-950. All these MOFs consist of the Zn4O­(−CO2)6 secondary building units (SBUs) and benzene-1,3,5-tri-β-acrylate, BTAC. The permanent porosity of all five materials was confirmed, and their methane adsorption measured up to 80 bar to reveal that MOF-905 is among the best performing methane storage materials with a volumetric working capacity (desorption at 5 bar) of 203 cm3 cm–3 at 80 bar and 298 K, a value rivaling that of HKUST-1 (200 cm3 cm–3), the benchmark compound for methane storage in MOFs. This study expands the scope of MOF materials with ultrahigh working capacity to include linkers having the common acrylate connectivity

Atomic-Level Characterization of Dynamics of a 3D Covalent Organic Framework by Cryo-Electron Diffraction Tomography

Understanding the dynamics of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is desirable for developing smart materials with coherent responses to external stimulus. Here we illustrate the structural determination of dynamics at atomic level by cryo-electron diffraction tomography (EDT) with single crystals of COF-300 having only submicrometer sizes. We observe and elucidate the crystal contraction upon H2O adsorption by ab initio structural solution of all non-hydrogen atoms of framework and unambiguous location of guest molecules in the pores. We also observe the crystal expansion of COF-300 upon inclusion of ionic liquid or polymer synthesized in the channels, whose conformational aspects of frameworks can be confirmed

Pillaring Zn-Triazolate Layers with Flexible Aliphatic Dicarboxylates into Three-Dimensional Metal−Organic Frameworks

Solvothermal treatments of Zn(II) salts and 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole in mixed water−dimethylformamide solvent produced a two-dimensional, wavy layer structure [Zn(atz)(fa)] (1, Hfa = formic acid) with a 4.82 Zn(atz) topology. While carbonate, oxalate, and aliphatic dicarboxylates are used to replace the terminal formate ligand, a series of three-dimensional pillared-layer metal−organic frameworks, namely, [Zn2(atz)2(CO3)]·3H2O (2), [Zn4(atz)4(CO3)(ox)]·3H2O (3, H2ox = oxalic acid), [Zn2(atz)2(sca)] (4, H2sca = succinic acid), [Zn2(atz)2(ada)] (5, H2ada = adipic acid), [Zn2(atz)2(sba)] (6, H2sba = suberic acid), [Zn2(atz)2(aza)] (7, H2aza = azelaic acid), and [Zn2(atz)2(sea)] (8, H2sea = sebacylic acid), are constructed. The crystal structural analyses demonstrate that the dicarboxylates have a significant impact on the Zn(atz) layers, which adopt various corrugated configurations in these three-dimensional metal−organic frameworks due to the different lengths and geometries of these pillars. Thermal stabilities of these compounds were examined by thermogravimetric analysis, while N2 adsorption measurements were analyzed for the porous 2 and 3

Atomic-Level Characterization of Dynamics of a 3D Covalent Organic Framework by Cryo-Electron Diffraction Tomography

Understanding the dynamics of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is desirable for developing smart materials with coherent responses to external stimulus. Here we illustrate the structural determination of dynamics at atomic level by cryo-electron diffraction tomography (EDT) with single crystals of COF-300 having only submicrometer sizes. We observe and elucidate the crystal contraction upon H2O adsorption by ab initio structural solution of all non-hydrogen atoms of framework and unambiguous location of guest molecules in the pores. We also observe the crystal expansion of COF-300 upon inclusion of ionic liquid or polymer synthesized in the channels, whose conformational aspects of frameworks can be confirmed

Atomic-Level Characterization of Dynamics of a 3D Covalent Organic Framework by Cryo-Electron Diffraction Tomography

Understanding the dynamics of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is desirable for developing smart materials with coherent responses to external stimulus. Here we illustrate the structural determination of dynamics at atomic level by cryo-electron diffraction tomography (EDT) with single crystals of COF-300 having only submicrometer sizes. We observe and elucidate the crystal contraction upon H2O adsorption by ab initio structural solution of all non-hydrogen atoms of framework and unambiguous location of guest molecules in the pores. We also observe the crystal expansion of COF-300 upon inclusion of ionic liquid or polymer synthesized in the channels, whose conformational aspects of frameworks can be confirmed