Orthopedic Center of Chinese PLA, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region,

Sphingosine-1-phosphate is a possible fibrogenic factor in glutea

Black-box Backdoor Defense via Zero-shot Image Purification

Backdoor attacks inject poisoned samples into the training data, resulting in the misclassification of the poisoned input during a model's deployment. Defending against such attacks is challenging, especially for real-world black-box models where only query access is permitted. In this paper, we propose a novel defense framework against backdoor attacks through Zero-shot Image Purification (ZIP). Our framework can be applied to poisoned models without requiring internal information about the model or any prior knowledge of the clean/poisoned samples. Our defense framework involves two steps. First, we apply a linear transformation (e.g., blurring) on the poisoned image to destroy the backdoor pattern. Then, we use a pre-trained diffusion model to recover the missing semantic information removed by the transformation. In particular, we design a new reverse process by using the transformed image to guide the generation of high-fidelity purified images, which works in zero-shot settings. We evaluate our ZIP framework on multiple datasets with different types of attacks. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our ZIP framework compared to state-of-the-art backdoor defense baselines. We believe that our results will provide valuable insights for future defense methods for black-box models. Our code is available at https://github.com/sycny/ZIP.Comment: Accepted by NeurIPS 202

One-stop stroke management platform reduces workflow times in patients receiving mechanical thrombectomy

Background and purposeClinical outcome in patients who received thrombectomy treatment is time-dependent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the one-stop stroke management (OSSM) platform in reducing in-hospital workflow times in patients receiving thrombectomy compared with the traditional model.MethodsThe data of patients who received thrombectomy treatment through the OSSM platform and traditional protocol transshipment pathway were retrospectively analyzed and compared. The treatment-related time interval and the clinical outcome of the two groups were also assessed and compared. The primary efficacy endpoint was the time from door to groin puncture (DPT).ResultsThere were 196 patients in the OSSM group and 210 patients in the control group, in which they were treated by the traditional approach. The mean DPT was significantly shorter in the OSSM group than in the control group (76 vs. 122 min; P < 0.001). The percentages of good clinical outcomes at the 90-day time point of the two groups were comparable (P = 0.110). A total of 121 patients in the OSSM group and 124 patients in the control group arrived at the hospital within 360 min from symptom onset. The mean DPT and time from symptom onset to recanalization (ORT) were significantly shorter in the OSSM group than in the control group. Finally, a higher rate of good functional outcomes was achieved in the OSSM group than in the control group (53.71 vs. 40.32%; P = 0.036).ConclusionCompared to the traditional transfer model, the OSSM transfer model significantly reduced the in-hospital delay in patients with acute stroke receiving thrombectomy treatment. This novel model significantly improved the clinical outcomes of patients presenting within the first 6 h after symptom onset

Organic semiconductor g-C3N4 modified TiO2 nanotube arrays for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance in wastewater treatment

This work was supported by China Scholarship Council (CSC), Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE) and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC). Date of Acceptance: 27/05/2015g-C3N4 sensitized TiO2 nanotube arrays (g-C3N4/TNTs) were fabricated by a simple solid sublimation and transition (SST) method using urea as precursor. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) performances were evaluated in this work. It is proposed that the g-C3N4 layer can play dual roles: surface sensitization and passivation of TNTs surface trap states to inhibit charge recombination. The g-C3N4/TNTs exhibited significantly improved PEC performance compared with TNTs under blue light (460 nm) irradiation. The g-C3N4/TNTs prepared from 3 g urea showed the highest photocurrent density of ca. 65 μA cm-2, which is almost 10 times as high as that of TNTs. Furthermore, g-C3N4/TNTs showed enhanced photoelectrocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under the blue light irradiation. The stable performance of degradation of MB in the multicycle tests suggests that the hybrid g-C3N4/TNTs electrode could be used as a low-cost photoelectrode material in wastewater treatment process.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Organic semiconductor g-C₃N₄ modified TiO₂ nanotube arrays for enhanced photoelectrochemical performance in wastewater treatment

g-C3N4 sensitized TiO2 nanotube arrays (g-C3N4/TNTs) were fabricated by a simple solid sublimation and transition (SST) method using urea as precursor. The photoelectrochemical (PEC) performances were evaluated in this work. It is proposed that the g-C3N4 layer can play dual roles: surface sensitization and passivation of TNTs surface trap states to inhibit charge recombination. The g-C3N4/TNTs exhibited significantly improved PEC performance compared with TNTs under blue light (460 nm) irradiation. The g-C3N4/TNTs prepared from 3 g urea showed the highest photocurrent density of ca. 65 μA cm-2, which is almost 10 times as high as that of TNTs. Furthermore, g-C3N4/TNTs showed enhanced photoelectrocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under the blue light irradiation. The stable performance of degradation of MB in the multicycle tests suggests that the hybrid g-C3N4/TNTs electrode could be used as a low-cost photoelectrode material in wastewater treatment process