Supplementary document for Thermally-recovered Mechanoluminescence in Ca6BaP4O17:Eu2+ - 6899690.pdf

Supported informatio

Data_Sheet_1_Variable-Density Flow and Solute Transport in Stratified Salt Marshes.pdf

Subsurface hydrodynamics underpin the eco-functions of salt marshes. Many studies have investigated these processes under various conditions. However, the impact of soil stratification (a low-permeability mud layer overlying a high-permeability sand layer) on the variable-density groundwater flow (particularly unstable flow) and solute transport in regularly tide-flooded marshes remains poorly understood. The present study numerically explored this question based on a 2D cross-creek section of salt marshes, by comparing cases with and without stratification. Results show that, the low-permeability mud layer delays the initiation of unstable flow and leads to smaller and denser salt fingers. Consequently, solute plume stays in the marsh soil for a longer time and spreads more widely than that in the homogeneous case. Also, soil stratigraphy extends the duration and shrinks the zone of solute discharge across the tidal creek. Sensitivity analysis was conducted based on three key controlling variables: hydraulic conductivity contrast between mud layer and sand layer (Kmud/Ksand), salinity contrast between surface water and groundwater (Csea/Cpore), and mud layer thickness (Dmud). The results demonstrate that the residence time of solute plume in a two-layered salt marsh is less sensitive to Csea/Cpore than to Kmud/Ksand and Dmud. Moreover, the commencement and duration of solute discharge are more sensitive to Kmud/Ksand and Dmud than to Csea/Cpore. While the location of solute discharge zone is highly sensitive to Dmud and slightly influenced by Kmud/Ksand and Csea/Cpore. Findings from this study would facilitate a deeper understanding of the eco-functions of salt marshes.</p

Shape Control of Monodisperse CdS Nanocrystals: Hexagon and Pyramid

The wurtzite CdS nanocrystals with hexagonal or pyramidal geometries were selectively synthesized by tuning the molar ratio of Cd and S precursors in the solution system. For hexagonal nanocrystals, a 2-D or 3-D superlattice assembly could be obtained due to the narrow particle size distribution. The pyramidal CdS nanocrystals were divided into two geometries:  the hexagon-based pyramid and the triangle-based pyramid. The realization of the pyramidal geometries further extends the shape multiformity of wurtzite CdS nanocrystals, which may bring new opportunities for the development of CdS semiconductors. The room-temperature absorption spectra of CdS nanoparticles with hexagonal and pyramidal morphologies exhibited a discrepancy in peak positions, revealing the existence of a profound shape−property relationship for the CdS nanophase

MnS Hierarchical Hollow Spheres with Novel Shell Structure

High yields of MnS microspheres with novel hierarchical structure were prepared through a simple solution method. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses reveal that the microsphere has a core−shell structure:  the interior hollow sphere is covered by a shell consisting of nanorod arrays. Interestingly, the nanorod is a wurtzite (WZ)/zinc blende (ZB) phase admixture with a large amount of stacking faults/twins. The alternation of WZ and ZB along the growth direction of the nanorod enables it to exhibit the features of a quantum well. Furthermore, the WZ/ZB admixture structure could also be regarded as a type II homomaterial heterostructure. All these features imply that the novel core−shell structure has great potential for applications, among them the quantum well photoelectrical and heterostructure photoconduction fields

Tunable Red-Green Upconversion Luminescence in Novel Transparent Glass Ceramics Containing Er: NaYF₄ Nanocrystals

To develop NaYF4 as bulk luminescence material, transparent glass ceramics containing Er3+:  NaYF4 nanocrystals were fabricated for the first time, and the influences of heat-treatment temperature and Er3+ doping level on their upconversion luminescence were investigated. With increasing heating temperature, the upconversion intensity enhanced accordingly, attributing to the incorporation of more Er3+ into the grown NaYF4. Notably, when the heating temperature reached 650 °C, the upconversion intensity augmented drastically due to the occurrence of phase transition from the cubic NaYF4 to the hexagonal one. Interestingly, for the samples heat-treated at 620 °C, when the Er3+ doping level was increased from 0.05 to 2.0 mol %, the upconversion emission was whole-range tunable from monochromatic green to approximately monochromatic red, which could be mainly attributed to the cross-relaxation between Er3+ ions. The excellent optical properties and its convenient, low-cost synthesis of the present glass ceramic imply that it is an excellent substitution material for the unobtainable bulk NaYF4 crystal, potentially applicable in many fields

CaMg₂Al₁₆O₂₇:Mn⁴⁺-based Red Phosphor: A Potential Color Converter for High-Powered Warm W‑LED

New non-rare-earth-based oxide red phosphor discovery is of great interest in the field of energy-efficient LED lighting. In this work, a novel blue-light activated CaMg₂Al₁₆O₂₇:Mn⁴⁺ (CMA:Mn⁴⁺) phosphor, showing strong red emission peaked at ∼655 nm under 468 nm excitation, is prepared by a solid-state reaction route. The microstructure and luminescent performance of this red-emitting phosphor are investigated in detail with the aids of X-ray diffraction refinement, diffuse reflection spectra, steady-state photoluminescence spectra and temperature-dependent PL/decay measurements. The crystal field strength (Dq) and the Racah parameters (<i>B</i> and <i>C</i>) are carefully calculated to evaluate the nephelauxetic effect of Mn⁴⁺ suffering from the CMA host. After incorporating CMA:Mn⁴⁺ and YAG:Ce³⁺ phosphor microcrystals into the glass host via a “phosphor-in-glass (PiG)” approach, warm white-light is achieved in the assembled high-powered w-LED device, thanks to the improved correlated color temperature and color rendering index

Modifying the Size and Shape of Monodisperse Bifunctional Alkaline-Earth Fluoride Nanocrystals through Lanthanide Doping

In this communication, a simple route for modifying the uneven size and shape of alkaline-earth fluoride nanophases to monodisperse ultrasmall nanospheres through lanthanide doping is offered. These nanospheres are found to exhibit bifunctionality, i.e., tunable upconversion emissions as well as proper paramagnetism, making them potentially applicable in the biological field. The synthesis strategy, which involves doping of an impurity with a different valence than the cation in the nanophase, might be useful for controlling the solution growth of some technologically important nanomaterials

Supplementary document for K+-doping induced highly efficient red emission in the CsPb(Br,I)3 quantum dots glass towards Rec. 2020 displays - 5673548.pdf

Supplemental documen

Metastable γ-MnS Hierarchical Architectures: Synthesis, Characterization, and Growth Mechanism

Preparation of shape-controlled metastable γ-MnS semiconductor nanocrystals has been achieved on a large scale through a simple solvothermal method in the presence of PVP. The key strategy is the use of sulfur powder as sulfur source in ethylene glycol (EG) solvent that also acted as a weak reducing agent. Reaction parameters such as reaction time and temperature are found to be important in controlling various hierarchical architectures, such as homogeneous semi-hollow core−shell, hollow nanospheres, and nanowires. Transmission electron microscopy observations indicate that these hierarchical architectures are formed mainly via Ostwald ripening. The optical absorption measurements reveal that these novel architectures exhibit remarkable shift of absorption peak during the course of structural compaction and grain growth

Hydrothermal Synthesis, Structural Characteristics, and Enhanced Photocatalysis of SnO₂/α-Fe₂O₃ Semiconductor Nanoheterostructures

Branched SnO2/α-Fe2O3 semiconductor nanoheterostructures (SNHs) of high purity were synthesized by a low-cost and environmentally friendly hydrothermal strategy, through crystallographic-oriented epitaxial growth of the SnO2 nanorods onto the α-Fe2O3 nanospindles and nanocubes, respectively. It was demonstrated that the SnO2 nanorods would change their preferential growth direction on the varied α-Fe2O3 precursors with distinct crystallographic surface, driven by decrease in the distortion energy induced by lattice mismatch at the interfaces. All of the prepared SNHs were of high purity, ascribing to the successful preinhibition of the SnO2 homonucleation in the reaction system. Significantly, some of the SnO2/α-Fe2O3 SNHs exhibited excellent visible light or UV photocatalytic abilities, remarkably superior to their α-Fe2O3 precursors, mainly owing to the effective electron−hole separation at the SnO2/α-Fe2O3 interfaces