Data_Sheet_1_Efficacy Comparison of Pulsed Dye Laser vs. Microsecond 1064-nm Neodymium:Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet Laser in the Treatment of Rosacea: A Meta-Analysis.docx

PurposeThe advantage of pulsed dye laser (PDL) for the treatment of rosacea is not yet clear. This meta-analysis compared the curative effect of PDL to neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser for the treatment of rosacea.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for clinical studies on the efficacy of PDL for the treatment of rosacea through October 13, 2021, and heterogeneity tests among studies were evaluated. Meta-analysis was conducted to combine the effects of physicians' clinical assessments, patient global assessment, erythema index, and visual analog scale.ResultsA total of 326 articles were obtained from three databases and ten articles were finally included. The clinical improvements of >50% clearance of up to 68.6% in the PDL group and 71.4% in the control group, and the subjective satisfaction rate of patients in the PDL group of 88.6% compared to 91.4% in the Nd:YAG group, but there were no significant differences in the rates of patients with rosacea with clinical improvement (>50% clearance) (relative risk [RR] = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75–1.17, P = 0.578) or patient subjective satisfaction rate (RR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.70–1.33, P = 0.808) between PDL and Nd:YAG groups for rosacea treatment. Also, the pain score for PDL and Nd:YAG were not significant (mean = 3.07, 95% CI: 1.82–4.32, P = 0.115).ConclusionTwo treatments all showed clinical efficacy and patient satisfaction for the treatment of rosacea, with no significant differences observed between treatments. The pain scores for PDL and Nd:YAG were not significant.</p

Novel Stereoselective Synthesis of 7β-Methyl-Substituted 5-Androstene Derivatives

The 7β-methyl-5-androstene derivatives 11a−c were prepared in good yield with high stereoselectivities starting from 3β-acetoxyandrost-5-en-17-one 4. The addition of methylmagnesium iodide to the 7-carbonyl group of 7a−c gave, after hydrolysis, two isomers 9a−c and 10a−c, which were stereoselectively deoxygenated by means of an ionic hydrogenation to afford the compounds 11a−c

Total Synthesis of (−)-(α)-Kainic Acid via a Diastereoselective Intramolecular [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of an Aryl Cyclopropyl Ketone with an Alkyne

An enantioselective synthesis of (−)-(α)-kainic acid in 15 steps with an overall yield of 24% is reported. The pyrrolidine kainoid precursor with the required C2/C3 trans stereochemistry was prepared with complete diastereoselectivity via an unprecedented SmI2-catalyzed intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of an aryl cyclopropyl ketone and an alkyne. Double bond isomerization was then employed to set the remaining stereochemistry at the C4 position en route to (−)-(α)-kainic acid

Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Intermolecular Direct Amidation of Aldehyde C–H Bonds with <i>N</i>‑Chloroamines at Room Temperature

A Rh(III)-catalyzed direct aldehyde C–H amidation from aldehydes and N-chloroamines, prepared in situ from amines, has been developed via C–H bond activation under very mild reaction conditions. A variety of primary and secondary amines were used to afford the corresponding amides in moderate to excellent yields

Iridium(III)-Catalyzed C‑7 Selective C–H Alkynylation of Indolines at Room Temperature

An iridium-catalyzed direct C-7 selective C–H alkynylation of indolines at room temperature, for the first time, has been developed via C–H bond activation. Furthermore, the first example of direct C–H alkynylation of carbazoles at the C1 position is also achieved. More importantly, the resulting product can be readily transformed into C7-alkynylated indoles, further widening the C-7 derivatization of indoles and highlighting the synthetic utility of this methodology

Divergent Total Synthesis of Triptolide, Triptonide, Tripdiolide, 16-Hydroxytriptolide, and Their Analogues

A divergent route was developed for the formal total synthesis of triptolide, triptonide, and tripdiolide, as well as a total synthesis of 16-hydroxytriptolide and their analogues in an enantioselective form. Common advanced intermediate 5 was concisely assembled by employing an indium­(III)-catalyzed cationic polycyclization reaction and a palladium-catalyzed carbonylation–lactone formation reaction as key steps. This advanced intermediate was readily converted to the above natural products by using palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling or the Claisen rearrangement reaction as key steps. Additionally, preliminary structure–cytotoxic activity relationship studies of C13 suggested that it might be a new modification site that could still retain the cytotoxicity

Iridium(III)-Catalyzed C‑7 Selective C–H Alkynylation of Indolines at Room Temperature

An iridium-catalyzed direct C-7 selective C–H alkynylation of indolines at room temperature, for the first time, has been developed via C–H bond activation. Furthermore, the first example of direct C–H alkynylation of carbazoles at the C1 position is also achieved. More importantly, the resulting product can be readily transformed into C7-alkynylated indoles, further widening the C-7 derivatization of indoles and highlighting the synthetic utility of this methodology

Divergent Total Synthesis of Triptolide, Triptonide, Tripdiolide, 16-Hydroxytriptolide, and Their Analogues

A divergent route was developed for the formal total synthesis of triptolide, triptonide, and tripdiolide, as well as a total synthesis of 16-hydroxytriptolide and their analogues in an enantioselective form. Common advanced intermediate <b>5</b> was concisely assembled by employing an indium­(III)-catalyzed cationic polycyclization reaction and a palladium-catalyzed carbonylation–lactone formation reaction as key steps. This advanced intermediate was readily converted to the above natural products by using palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling or the Claisen rearrangement reaction as key steps. Additionally, preliminary structure–cytotoxic activity relationship studies of C13 suggested that it might be a new modification site that could still retain the cytotoxicity

Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Intermolecular Direct Amidation of Aldehyde C–H Bonds with <i>N</i>‑Chloroamines at Room Temperature

A Rh(III)-catalyzed direct aldehyde C–H amidation from aldehydes and <i>N</i>-chloroamines, prepared in situ from amines, has been developed via C–H bond activation under very mild reaction conditions. A variety of primary and secondary amines were used to afford the corresponding amides in moderate to excellent yields

Mechanochemical Degrafting of a Surface-Tethered Poly(acrylic acid) Brush Promoted Etching of Its Underlying Silicon Substrate

The stability of surface-tethered polyelectrolyte brushes has been investigated during the past few years. We have previously reported on the degrafting of poly­(acrylic acid) (PAA) polymer brushes from flat silicon substrates. Here, we present a detailed study on the effects of NaCl concentration and the grafting density and molecular weight on the stability of PAA brushes during incubation in 0.1 M ethanolamine buffer (pH 9.0) solutions. Without NaCl in the buffer solution, the PAA brushes remain intact. Adding NaCl facilitates etching of the substrate due to accelerating dissolution of the top silica layer and promoting degrafting of the PAA chains. The PAA grafting density and molecular weight play an important role in the substrate etching by affecting the penetration barrier and local concentration of the etchants. We also tested the stability of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) made of hydrophobic alkyltrichlorosilanes anchored on silicon substrates. The results demonstrated that the SAMs were too thin to protect the substrates from etching, in contrast to thick poly­(methyl methacrylate) brushes. Our findings suggest that both polymer brushes (especially polyelectrolyte brushes) and SAMs anchored to silicon substrates may undergo erosion/etching on the substrates in basic environments, which compromises their stability and therefore jeopardizes their applications in coating, biosensing, and so forth