Data_Sheet_1_Understanding creativity process through electroencephalography measurement on creativity-related cognitive factors.pdf

IntroductionNeurotechnology approaches, such as electroencephalography (EEG), can aid understanding of the cognitive processes behind creativity.MethodsTo identify and compare the EEG characteristics of creativity-related cognitive factors (remote association, common association, combination, recall, and retrieval), 30 participants were recruited to conduct an EEG induction study.ResultsFrom the event-related potential (ERP) results and spectral analysis, the study supports that creativity is related to the frontal lobe areas of the brain and common association is an unconscious process.DiscussionThe results help explain why some creativity-related cognitive factors are involved either more or less readily than others in the creative design process from workload aspects. This study identifies the part of the brain that is involved in the combination cognitive factor and detects the ERP results on cognitive factors. This study can be used by designers and researchers to further understand the cognitive processes of creativity.</p

Potential Energy Curves, Transition Dipole Moments, and Franck–Condon Factors of the 12 Low-Lying States of BrO^– Anion

This work investigates the spectroscopic parameters, vibrational levels, and transition probabilities of 12 low-lying states, which are generated from the first dissociation limit, Br­(²P_u) + O^–(²P_u), of the BrO^– anion. The 12 states are X¹Σ⁺, 2¹Σ⁺, 1¹Σ^–, 1¹Π, 2¹Π, 1¹Δ, a³Π, 1³Σ⁺, 2³Σ⁺, 1³Σ^–, 2³Π, and 1³Δ. The potential energy curves are calculated with the complete active-space self-consistent field method, which is followed by the internally contracted multireference configuration interaction approach with Davidson modification. The dissociation energy <i>D</i>₀ of X¹Σ⁺ state is determined to be approximately 26876.44 cm^–1, which agrees well with the experimental one of 26494.50 cm^–1. Of these 12 states, the 2¹Σ⁺, 1¹Σ^–, 2¹Π, 1¹Δ, 1³Σ⁺, 2³Σ⁺, 2³Π, and 1³Δ states are very weakly bound states, whose well depths are only several-hundred cm^–1. The a³Π, 2³Π, and 1³Δ states are inverted and account for the spin–orbit coupling effect. No states are repulsive regardless of whether the spin–orbit coupling effect is included. The spectroscopic parameters and vibrational levels are determined. The transition dipole moments of 12-pair electronic states are calculated. Franck–Condon factors of a number of transitions of more than 20-pair electronic states are evaluated. The electronic transitions are discussed. The spin–orbit coupling effect on the spectroscopic parameters and vibrational properties is profound for all the states except for X¹Σ⁺, a³Π, and 1¹Π. The spectroscopic parameters and transition probabilities obtained in this paper can provide some powerful guidelines for observing these states in a proper spectroscopy experiment, in particular the states that have very shallow potential wells

Development of an exploratory creativity assessment scale

Exploratory creativity (E-creativity) can be achieved by searching an area of conceptual space governed by specific rules. Existing studies on E-creativity mainly focus on how to use aspects of E-creativity to develop computational creativity tools, but E-creativity assessment scales have not been fully studied. To fill in the gap, this study developed an E-creativity assessment scale based on metrics and experimental determination studies. Eight indexes are promoted through literature investigation, which are related to E-creativity attributes, pre-requirement for the existence of E-creativity, relations between exploratory process and creativity, and results of E-creativity. Then, an empirical case study is applied to investigate the differences between nonprofessionals and professionals when using the developed scale. From the whole research, the results reveal that E-creativity is not simply related to the exploratory process and its concept space; instead, it is also related to the relations between the novelty of the exploratory process and the concept space of E-creativity. The results reflect the role of E-creativity in a creative process. This research provides a further understanding of E-creativity, which can contribute to further develop the definition of E-creativity. The E-creativity assessment scales can be used as a cue to further evaluate machine generated E-creativity.</p

Exploring Emerging Photovoltaic Materials Beyond Perovskite: The Case of Skutterudite

Because of the stability and toxic issue of CH₃NH₃PbI₃, great efforts have been made to search emerging materials beyond perovskite. Most of the explorations are based on ns²-containing compounds, because lone-pair s-orbital-derived antibonding states are believed to play a crucial role in unique properties of CH₃NH₃PbI₃. In this work, we chose skutterudite-structure IrSb₃ (<i>E</i>_g ≈ 1.3 eV) as a case study to show that the strong antibonding character at valence band maximum (VBM) can appear without the contribution from lone-pair s orbital. First-principles calculations show that IrSb₃ possesses similar electronic properties as CH₃NH₃PbI₃: (i) ambipolar conductivity with much better electron and hole effective masses than that of CH₃NH₃PbI₃; (ii) strong optical absorption (∼1 × 10⁴ cm^–1); (iii) shallow dominating defects. More importantly, IrSb₃ is much more stable than CH₃NH₃PbI₃. Our work may shed light on searching new promising solar cell materials beyond ns²-containing perovskite

RGDC Functionalized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Less Damage to Plasmid DNA but Higher Cytotoxicity to HeLa Cells

In this paper, nano-TiO₂ was functionalized by different methods, and its genotoxicity and cytotoxicity were studied in detail. The genotoxicity of nano-TiO₂ was evaluated by observing its interactions with pUC19 plasmid DNA at a single molecule level using atomic force microscopy. The results show that with the assistance of UVA radiation, RGDC functionalized nano-TiO₂ induced less damage to plasmid DNA than unmodified ones. The HeLa cell-specific PDT effect was investigated by cytotoxicity assay correspondingly. RGDC-functionalized nano-TiO₂ shows the highest killing effect to HeLa cells with the assistance of UVA radiation. The reasons that cause the contradiction between genotoxicity and cytotoxicity were analyzed, and the molecular mechanisms of the PDT effects were discussed. The results show that the genotoxicity of nano-TiO₂ to plasmid DNA and its cytotoxicity to HeLa cells are related but also different. The RGDC functionalization is an effective method to increase the cytotoxicity of nano-TiO₂

The necessity and safety of simultaneous cholecystectomy during gastric surgery for patients with asymptomatic cholelithiasis

The incidence of cholelithiasis is higher among individuals who have undergone gastric surgery. The benefits of concomitant gallbladder removal in asymptomatic gallstone patients remain uncertain. The aim was to investigate the necessity and safety of simultaneous cholecystectomy in this particular patient population. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the incidence of asymptomatic cholelithiasis converting to symptomatic after gastric surgery and the complication rate associated with simultaneous cholecystectomy. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant articles published until 10 March 202210 March 2022. Patients with asymptomatic cholelithiasis after gastric surgery were at a higher risk of developing symptomatic cholelithiasis compared to those without cholelithiasis (relative risk [RR] 2.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–4.25) and those with unknown gallbladder conditions (RR 2.70, 95% CI 1.54–4.73). Additionally, patients who underwent simultaneous cholecystectomy did not face a higher risk of complications compared to those who only underwent gastric surgery (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.48–1.53). Simultaneous cholecystectomy is both necessary and safe for patients with asymptomatic cholelithiasis undergoing gastric surgery. It is crucial to assess the gallbladder’s condition before gastric surgery, and if the gallbladder status is unknown, simultaneous cholecystectomy should be avoided.</p

Additional file 1: of Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine-like 1 suppresses metastasis in gastric stromal tumors

Figure S1. Volcano plots of differential expression proteins. The vertical lines correspond to 2.0-fold up and down, respectively, and the horizontal line represents a p-value of 0.05. The red point in the plot represents the differentially protein with statistically significance. (A: gastric GIST with LGM; B: gastric GIST with HGM; C: corresponding adjacent normal tissues for LGM; D: corresponding adjacent normal tissues for HGM). (JPG 751 kb

Data_Sheet_1_Comparative Effectiveness of Neoadjuvant Treatments for Resectable Gastroesophageal Cancer: A Network Meta-Analysis.docx

<p>Background: Several neoadjuvant treatments are available for patients with resectable gastroesophageal cancer. We did a Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare available treatments, summarizing the direct and indirect evidence.</p><p>Method: We searched relevant databases for randomized controlled trials of neoadjuvant treatments for resectable gastroesophageal cancer which compared two or more of the following treatments: surgery alone, perioperative docetaxel, oxaliplatin, leucovorin, and fluorouracil (FLOT), and neoadjuvant treatments listed in National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline. Then we performed a NMA to summarize the direct and indirect evidence to estimate the relative efficacy for outcomes including overall survival (OS), progression-free survival and R0 resection rate. We calculated odds ratio (OR) and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% credible intervals (CrI) for dichotomous data and time-to-event data, respectively. We also calculated the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) value of each intervention to obtain a hierarchy of treatments.</p><p>Result: Eight eligible trials (2434 patients) were included in our NMA. The treatment with the highest probability of benefit on OS as compared with surgery alone was perioperative FLOT [HR = 0.58 with 95% CrI: (0.43, 0.78), SUCRA = 93%], followed by preoperative radiotherapy, paclitaxel, and carboplatin (RT/PC) [HR = 0.68 with 95% CrI: (0.53, 0.87), SUCRA = 72%], perioperative cisplatin with fluorouracil (CF) [HR = 0.70 with 95% CrI: (0.51, 0.95), SUCRA = 68%], and perioperative epirubicin, cisplatin, and fluorouracil or capecitabine (ECF/ECX) [HR = 0.75 with 95% CrI: (0.60, 0.94), SUCRA = 56%].</p><p>Conclusion: Compared with surgery alone, perioperative CF, perioperative ECF/ECX, perioperative FLOT, and preoperative RT/PC significantly improved survival. Perioperative FLOT is likely to be the most effective neoadjuvant treatment for the disease. Further clinical studies are needed and justified.</p

DataSheet_2_Low-dose radiotherapy promotes the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures in lung adenocarcinoma.docx

PurposeA tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) refers to an organized infiltration of immune cells that is linked to a positive prognosis and improved response to immunotherapy. However, methods that promote TLS formation are limited and challenging to implement in clinical settings. In this study, we aimed to promote the formation and maturation of TLSs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) by combining low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) with immunotherapy.MethodsTissue sections from 198 patients who had undergone surgery were examined. Risk factors for patient survival were assessed, and the relationship between TLSs and five-year survival was analyzed. The Kras-LSL-G12D spontaneous lung cancer mouse model was used to screen the optimal irradiation dose (0/1/2 Gy whole lung irradiation) for promoting TLS formation. LDRT combined with anti-PD-1 was used to promote the formation and maturation of TLSs.ResultsTLS+, TLSHigh, TLS+GC+ and CD8High within TLS+ were associated with a favorable prognosis. LDRT increased the formation of early TLSs in the Kras-LSL-G12D lung cancer mouse model. In addition, LDRT combined with anti-PD-1 treatment can significantly improve the maturity of TLSs in mouse LUAD, resulting in greater antitumor effects. This antitumor effect was strongly associated with the number of CD8+ T cells within the TLSs.ConclusionWe successfully applied LDRT combined with PD-1 inhibitor therapy for the first time, which increased both the quantity and maturity of TLSs in lung cancer. This approach achieved a promising antitumor effect.</p

DataSheet_3_Low-dose radiotherapy promotes the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures in lung adenocarcinoma.docx

PurposeA tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) refers to an organized infiltration of immune cells that is linked to a positive prognosis and improved response to immunotherapy. However, methods that promote TLS formation are limited and challenging to implement in clinical settings. In this study, we aimed to promote the formation and maturation of TLSs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) by combining low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) with immunotherapy.MethodsTissue sections from 198 patients who had undergone surgery were examined. Risk factors for patient survival were assessed, and the relationship between TLSs and five-year survival was analyzed. The Kras-LSL-G12D spontaneous lung cancer mouse model was used to screen the optimal irradiation dose (0/1/2 Gy whole lung irradiation) for promoting TLS formation. LDRT combined with anti-PD-1 was used to promote the formation and maturation of TLSs.ResultsTLS+, TLSHigh, TLS+GC+ and CD8High within TLS+ were associated with a favorable prognosis. LDRT increased the formation of early TLSs in the Kras-LSL-G12D lung cancer mouse model. In addition, LDRT combined with anti-PD-1 treatment can significantly improve the maturity of TLSs in mouse LUAD, resulting in greater antitumor effects. This antitumor effect was strongly associated with the number of CD8+ T cells within the TLSs.ConclusionWe successfully applied LDRT combined with PD-1 inhibitor therapy for the first time, which increased both the quantity and maturity of TLSs in lung cancer. This approach achieved a promising antitumor effect.</p