El Distrito Universitario : Semanario de 1ª Enseñanza: Año XXII Número 1106 - 1924 enero 17

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Cultura. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 200

Additional file 4: Table S3. of Identification of alternative splicing events by RNA sequencing in early growth tomato fruits

List of differentially expressed genes (at isoform level) in early growth fruits. Expression values (FPKM) of the 1059 differentially expressed annotated transcripts in early growth fruits identified by comparison of gene expression between two consecutive stages. Genes with expression values of FPKM > =1 and fold changes (FC) > =4 were considered to be differentially expressed. (XLS 955 kb

Additional file 3: Table S2. of Identification of alternative splicing events by RNA sequencing in early growth tomato fruits

List of differentially expressed splice variants in early growth fruits. Expression values (FPKM) of the 7959 differentially expressed splice variants in early growth fruits identified by comparison of gene expression between two consecutive stages. Splice variants with expression values of FPKM > =1 and fold changes (FC) > =4 were considered to be differentially expressed. (XLS 2480 kb

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Identification of alternative splicing events by RNA sequencing in early growth tomato fruits

Expression values of mRNA isoforms of differential splicing genes during early fruit growth. Expression values (FPKM) of individual mRNA isoforms of 18 additional differential splicing genes during early fruit growth. Expression of mRNA isoforms from the other nine genes is shown in Fig. 3. (PDF 1300 kb

La Academia : revista de cultura hispano portuguesa, latino-Americana: Tomo IV Número 22 - 1878 diciembre 15

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Cultura. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 200

DataSheet1_Dose- and time-dependent manners of moxifloxacin induced liver injury by targeted metabolomics study.zip

Moxifloxacin is the most widely prescribed antibiotics due to its excellent oral bioavailability and broad-spectrum antibacterial effect. Despite of its popularity, the rare and severe liver injury induced by moxifloxacin is a big concern that cannot be ignored in clinical practice. However, the early warning and related metabolic disturbances of moxifloxacin induced hepatoxicity were rarely reported. In this study, the dose- and time-dependent manners of moxifloxacin induced liver injury were investigated by a targeted metabolomics method. In dose-dependent experiment, three different dosages of moxifloxacin were administered to the rats, including 36 mg kg−1 d−1, 72 mg kg−1 d−1, and 108 mg kg−1 d−1. In time-dependent experiment, moxifloxacin was orally administered to the rats for 3, 7 or 14 consecutive days. Pathological analysis showed that moxifloxacin caused obvious transient hepatotoxicity, with the most serious liver injury occurred in the 7 days continuous administration group. The transient liver injury can be automatically restored over time. Serum levels of liver function related biochemical indicators, including ALT, AST, TBIL, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde, were also measured for the evaluation of liver injury. However, these indicators can hardly be used for the early warning of hepatotoxicity caused by moxifloxacin due to their limited sensitivity and significant hysteresis. Targeted metabolomics study demonstrated that serum concentrations of fatty acyl carnitines, fatty acids and dehydroepiandrosterone can change dynamically with the severity of moxifloxacin related liver injury. The elevated serum levels of fatty acyl carnitine, fatty acid and dehydroepiandrosterone were promising in predicting the hepatotoxicity induced by moxifloxacin.</p

Mechanical and thermal nociceptive sensitivity for mice fed high versus low methyl donor diets after weaning.

<p>In panels A and B the mechanical and thermal sensitivity are displayed for male. Panels C and D the mechanical and thermal sensitivity are displayed for female. Values are displayed as the mean ± SEM. n = 8/group. M, male; F, female.</p

Number of putative pseudogenes.

<p>Note: Only those putative pseudogenes that score over 200 are counted, with details are presented in S-<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0041659#pone-0041659-g002" target="_blank">Fig. 2</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0041659#pone-0041659-g003" target="_blank">3</a>, <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0041659#pone-0041659-g004" target="_blank">4</a>, and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0041659#pone-0041659-g005" target="_blank">5</a>.</p

Effects of Methyl Donor Diets on Incisional Pain in Mice

<div><p>Background</p><p>Dietary supplementation with methyl donors can influence the programming of epigenetic patterns resulting in persistent alterations in disease susceptibility and behavior. However, the dietary effects of methyl donors on pain have not been explored. In this study, we evaluated the effects of dietary methyl donor content on pain responses in mice.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Male and female C57BL/6J mice were treated with high or low methyl donor diets either in the perinatal period or after weaning. Mechanical and thermal nociceptive sensitivity were measured before and after incision.</p><p>Results</p><p>Mice fed high or low methyl donor diets displayed equal weight gain over the course of the experiments. When exposed to these dietary manipulations in the perinatal period, only male offspring of dams fed a high methyl donor diet displayed increased mechanical allodynia. Hindpaw incision in these animals caused enhanced nociceptive sensitization, but dietary history did not affect the duration of sensitization. For mice exposed to high or low methyl donor diets after weaning, no significant differences were observed in mechanical or thermal nociceptive sensitivity either at baseline or in response to hindpaw incision.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Perinatal dietary factors such as methyl donor content may impact pain experiences in later life. These effects, however, may be specific to sex and pain modality.</p></div

Pseudogenes as Weaknesses of ACTB (Actb) and GAPDH (Gapdh) Used as Reference Genes in Reverse Transcription and Polymerase Chain Reactions

<div><p>The genes encoding β-actin (ACTB in human or Actb in mouse) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH in human or Gapdh in mouse) are the two most commonly used references for sample normalization in determination of the mRNA level of interested genes by reverse transcription (RT) and ensuing polymerase chain reactions (PCR). In this study, bioinformatic analyses revealed that the ACTB, Actb, GAPDH and Gapdh had 64, 69, 67 and 197 pseudogenes (PGs), respectively, in the corresponding genome. Most of these PGs are intronless and similar in size to the authentic mRNA. Alignment of several PGs of these genes with the corresponding mRNA reveals that they are highly homologous. In contrast, the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-1 gene (HPRT1 in human or Hprt in mouse) only had 3 or 1 PG, respectively, and the mRNA has unique regions for primer design. PCR with cDNA or genomic DNA (gDNA) as templates revealed that our HPRT1, Hprt and GAPDH primers were specific, whereas our ACTB and Actb primers were not specific enough both vertically (within the cDNA) and horizontally (compared cDNA with gDNA). No primers could be designed for the Gapdh that would not mis-prime PGs. Since most of the genome is transcribed, we suggest to peers to forgo ACTB (Actb) and GAPDH (Dapdh) as references in RT-PCR and, if there is no surrogate, to use our primers with extra caution. We also propose a standard operation procedure in which design of primers for RT-PCR starts from avoiding mis-priming PGs and all primers need be tested for specificity with both cDNA and gDNA.</p> </div