On the bistable zone of milling processes

LRR-RLK genes identified in Physcomitrella patens and Selaginella moellendorffii. (XLS 4566 kb

Cobalt-Catalyzed Enantioselective Vinylation of Activated Ketones and Imines

We present here an unprecedented cobalt-catalyzed enantioselective vinylation of α-ketoesters, isatins, and imines to deliver a range of synthetically useful allylic alcohols and amines in high enantiopurity. This method employs commercially available and easy to handle catalysts and reagents and exhibits a high degree of practicality. The efficiency, selectivity, and operational simplicity of this catalytic system coupled with the substrate generality render this method a valuable tool in organic synthesis

Stereoselective 1,6-Conjugate Addition/Annulation of <i>para</i>-Quinone Methides with Vinyl Epoxides/Cyclopropanes

Here, we present an unprecedented formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition of <i>para</i>-quinone methides with vinyl epoxides/cyclopropanes to deliver a wide range of spiro[4.5]­decanes in high efficiency and stereoselectivity. The commercial availability of the catalysts and reagents, together with the convenient procedure, makes it an attractive method in asymmetric synthesis

DNA Barcoding and Species Boundary Delimitation of Selected Species of Chinese Acridoidea (Orthoptera: Caelifera)

<div><p>We tested the performance of DNA barcoding in Acridoidea and attempted to solve species boundary delimitation problems in selected groups using COI barcodes. Three analysis methods were applied to reconstruct the phylogeny. K2P distances were used to assess the overlap range between intraspecific variation and interspecific divergence. “Best match (BM)”, “best close match (BCM)”, “all species barcodes (ASB)” and “back-propagation neural networks (BP-based method)” were utilized to test the success rate of species identification. Phylogenetic species concept and network analysis were employed to delimitate the species boundary in eight selected species groups. The results demonstrated that the COI barcode region performed better in phylogenetic reconstruction at genus and species levels than at higher-levels, but showed a little improvement in resolving the higher-level relationships when the third base data or both first and third base data were excluded. Most overlaps and incorrect identifications may be due to imperfect taxonomy, indicating the critical role of taxonomic revision in DNA barcoding study. Species boundary delimitation confirmed the presence of oversplitting in six species groups and suggested that each group should be treated as a single species.</p></div

Stereoselective 1,6-Conjugate Addition/Annulation of <i>para</i>-Quinone Methides with Vinyl Epoxides/Cyclopropanes

Here, we present an unprecedented formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition of <i>para</i>-quinone methides with vinyl epoxides/cyclopropanes to deliver a wide range of spiro[4.5]­decanes in high efficiency and stereoselectivity. The commercial availability of the catalysts and reagents, together with the convenient procedure, makes it an attractive method in asymmetric synthesis

Nanoscale Integration of Two-Dimensional Materials by Lateral Heteroepitaxy

Materials integration in heterostructures with novel properties different from those of the constituents has become one of the most powerful concepts of modern materials science. Two-dimensional (2D) crystals represent a new class of materials from which such engineered structures can be envisioned. Calculations have predicted emergent properties in 2D heterostructures with nanoscale feature sizes, but methods for their controlled fabrication have been lacking. Here, we use sequential graphene and boron nitride growth on Ru(0001) to show that lateral heteroepitaxy, the joining of 2D materials by preferential incorporation of different atomic species into exposed 1D edges during chemical vapor deposition on a metal substrate, can be used for the bottom-up synthesis of 2D heterostructures with characteristic dimensions on the nanoscale. Our results suggest that on a proper substrate, this method lends itself to building nanoheterostructures from a wide range of 2D materials

Relative identification errors at thirty arbitrary distance thresholds in BCM analysis.

<p>Relative identification errors at thirty arbitrary distance thresholds in BCM analysis.</p

NJ tree Subclade and haplotype network of the genus <i>Fruhstorferiola</i>.

<p>A. NJ tree subclade. B. Haplotype network of the <i>Fruhstorferiola kulinga</i> group. F_kul indicates <i>Fruhstorferiola kulinga</i> (filled with grey color), F_hua indicates <i>Fruhstroferiola huayinensis</i>.</p

Intraspecific variation and interspecific divergence of the <i>Pedopodisma tsinlingensis</i> group.

<p>Intraspecific variation and interspecific divergence of the <i>Pedopodisma tsinlingensis</i> group.</p

Additional file 2: Table S2. of Divergence and adaptive evolution of the gibberellin oxidase genes in plants

GA oxidases in the species analyzed in this study. (XLSX 19 kb