On large angle multiple gluon radiation

Jet shape observables which involve measurements restricted to a part of phase space are sensitive to multiplication of soft gluon with large relative angles and give rise to specific single logarithmically enhanced (SL) terms (non-global logs). We consider associated distributions in two variables which combine measurement of a jet shape V in the whole phase space (global) and that of the transverse energy flow away from the jet direction, Eout (non-global). We show that associated distributions factorize into the global distribution in V and a factor that takes into account SL contributions from multi-gluon ``hedgehog'' configurations in all orders. The latter is the same that describes the single-variable Eout distribution, but evaluated at a rescaled energy VQ.Comment: 16 page

Soft gluons at large angles in hadron collisions

A general discussion is presented of the single logarithmic soft factor that appears in two scale QCD observables in processes involving four partons. We treat it as the ``fifth form factor'', accompanying the four collinear singular Sudakov form factors attached to colliding and outgoing hard partons. The fifth form factor is expressed in terms of the Casimir operators (squared colour charges) of irreducible representations in the crossing $t$- and $u$-channels. As an application we revisit the problem of large angle radiation in $gg\to gg$ and give a relatively simple solution and interpretation of the results. We found an unexpected symmetry of the soft anomalous dimension under exchange of internal and external variables of the problem whose existence calls for explanation.Comment: 29 pages, pictures generated with feynmf graphic packag

Medium-modified average multiplicity and multiplicity fluctuations in jets

The energy evolution of average multiplicities and multiplicity fluctuations in jets produced in heavy-ion collisions is investigated from a toy QCD-inspired model. In this model, we use modified splitting functions accounting for medium-enhanced radiation of gluons by a fast parton which propagates through the quark gluon plasma. The leading contribution of the standard production of soft hadrons is enhanced by a factor $\sqrt{N_s}$ while next-to-leading order (NLO) corrections are suppressed by $1/\sqrt{N_s}$, where the parameter $N_s>1$ accounts for the induced-soft gluons in the medium. Our results for such global observables are cross-checked and compared with their limits in the vacuum.Comment: 8 pages and 4 figures. Version to be published in EPJ

Symmetry of Anomalous Dimension Matrices for Colour Evolution of Hard Scattering Processes

In a recent paper, Dokshitzer and Marchesini rederived the anomalous dimension matrix for colour evolution of $gg \to gg$ scattering, first derived by Kidonakis, Oderda and Sterman. They noted a weird symmetry that it possesses under interchange of internal (colour group) and external (scattering angle) degrees of freedom and speculated that this may be related to an embedding into a context that correlates internal and external variables such as string theory. In this short note, I point out another symmetry possessed by all the colour evolution anomalous dimension matrices calculated to date. It is more prosaic, but equally unexpected, and may also point to the fact that colour evolution might be understood in some deeper theoretical framework. To my knowledge it has not been pointed out elsewhere, or anticipated by any of the authors calculating these matrices. It is simply that, in a suitably chosen colour basis, they are complex symmetric matrices.Comment: 3 page

Azimuthal correlation in DIS

We introduce the azimuthal correlation for the deep inelastic scattering process. We present the QCD prediction to the level of next-to-leading log resummation, matching to the fixed order prediction. We also estimate the leading non-perturbative power correction. The observable is compared with the energy-energy correlation in e+e- annihilation, on which it is modelled. The effects of the resummation and of the leading power correction are both quite large. It would therefore be particularly instructive to study this observable experimentally.Comment: 33 pages, 4 figures, JHEP class included. One figure and some clarifications adde

Universality of 1/Q corrections to jet-shape observables rescued

We address the problem of potential non-universality of the leading 1/Q power corrections to jet shapes emerging from the non-inclusive character of these observables. We consider the thrust distribution as an example and analyse the non-inclusive contributions which emerge at the two-loop level. Although formally subleading in \as, they modify the existing na{\"\i}ve one-loop result for the expected magnitude of the power term by a factor of order unity. Such a promotion of a subleading correction into a numerical factor is natural since the non-perturbative power terms are explicitly proportional to powers of the QCD scale $\Lambda$ which can be fixed precisely only at the two-loop level. The ``jet-shape scaling factor'' depends on the observable but remains perturbatively calculable. Therefore it does not undermine the universal nature of 1/Q power corrections, which remain expressible in terms of the universal running coupling and universal soft-gluon emission.Comment: 21 pages, no figures, LaTeX. This revised version corrects a mistake in the calculation of the two-loop correction factor. The conclusions remain unchange

Hadron multiplicity induced by top quark decays at the LHC

The average charged hadron multiplicities induced by top quark decays are calculated in pQCD at LHC energies. Different modes of top production are considered. Proposed measurements can be used as an additional test of pQCD calculations independent on a fragmentation model.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures, to be published elsewher

Multiplicity with a Thrust Cut

We evaluate the multiplicity of hadrons in the $e^+e^-$-annihilation at a given thrust $T$ in the modified leading-log approximation, including $O(\sqrt{\alpha_s})$ corrections. The calculation is done at a large value of $\tau =1-T$ by the use of the factorisation which takes place in the one-particle-inclusive cross section at a given $\tau$. At a small $\tau$, a different type of factorisation takes place, which also enable us to evaluate the multiplicity. Two approaches are compared numerically. Measuring this quantity near $\tau =1/3$, we can determine the multiplicity ratio between a gluon-jet and a quark-jet.Comment: OCHA-PP-32, LATEX FILE, 21

Role of the nuclear vector potential in deep inelastic scattering

We study the influence of the strong nuclear vector potential, treated using the mean-field approximation, in deep inelastic scattering. A consistent treatment of the electromagnetic current operator, combined with the use of the operator product expansion is presented and discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 0 figur

Two particle correlations inside one jet at "Modified Leading Logarithmic Approximation" of Quantum Chromodynamics; I: exact solution of the evolution equations at small x

We discuss correlations between two particles in jets at high energy colliders and exactly solve the MLLA evolution equations in the small x limit. We thus extend the Fong-Webber analysis to the region away from the hump of the single inclusive energy spectrum. We give our results for LEP, Tevatron and LHC energies, and compare with existing experimental data.Comment: LaTeX, 49 pages, 57 .eps figures + one log