Cumulative incidence of osteoporosis for adult patients with atopic dermatitis and the general population control cohort.

Cumulative incidence of osteoporosis for adult patients with atopic dermatitis and the general population control cohort.</p

Classification of the accuracy of the K-wire placement through the secondary registration.

Classification of the accuracy of the K-wire placement through the secondary registration.</p

Flow diagram of the present study from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan.

<p>LHID = Longitudinal Health Insurance Database.</p

Clinical characteristics of the 64 patients who underwent robot-guided pedicle screw placement.

Clinical characteristics of the 64 patients who underwent robot-guided pedicle screw placement.</p

Assessing the Intraoperative Accuracy of Pedicle Screw Placement by Using a Bone-Mounted Miniature Robot System through Secondary Registration - Fig 2

<p><b>Classification system for assessing intraoperative accuracy</b> Fig 2A depicts type I classification, Fig 2B and 2C depict type II classifications, and Fig 2D depicts Type III calssification. (green line: planned trajectory; white line: implanted K-wire).</p

Entry point of the K-wire.

<p>Preoperative planned entry point is the center of the circle. Most K-wire entry points deviated caudally and laterally.</p

Process of the secondary registration and repositioning of the K-wire

<p>Process of the secondary registration and repositioning of the K-wire</p

Assessing the Intraoperative Accuracy of Pedicle Screw Placement by Using a Bone-Mounted Miniature Robot System through Secondary Registration

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Pedicle screws are commonly employed to restore spinal stability and correct deformities. The Renaissance robotic system was developed to improve the accuracy of pedicle screw placement.</p><p>Purpose</p><p>In this study, we developed an intraoperative classification system for evaluating the accuracy of pedicle screw placements through secondary registration. Furthermore, we evaluated the benefits of using the Renaissance robotic system in pedicle screw placement and postoperative evaluations. Finally, we examined the factors affecting the accuracy of pedicle screw implantation.</p><p>Results</p><p>Through use of the Renaissance robotic system, the accuracy of Kirschner-wire (K-wire) placements deviating <3 mm from the planned trajectory was determined to be 98.74%. According to our classification system, the robot-guided pedicle screw implantation attained an accuracy of 94.00% before repositioning and 98.74% after repositioning. However, the malposition rate before repositioning was 5.99%; among these placements, 4.73% were immediately repositioned using the robot system and 1.26% were manually repositioned after a failed robot repositioning attempt. Most K-wire entry points deviated caudally and laterally.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>The Renaissance robotic system offers high accuracy in pedicle screw placement. Secondary registration improves the accuracy through increasing the precision of the positioning; moreover, intraoperative evaluation enables immediate repositioning. Furthermore, the K-wire tends to deviate caudally and laterally from the entry point because of skiving, which is characteristic of robot-assisted pedicle screw placement.</p></div

Incidence and hazard ratios of osteoporosis by demographic characteristics and comorbidity among patients with or without atopic dermatitis.

<p>Incidence and hazard ratios of osteoporosis by demographic characteristics and comorbidity among patients with or without atopic dermatitis.</p

Risk factor analysis of osteoporosis in patients with atopic dermatitis.

<p>Risk factor analysis of osteoporosis in patients with atopic dermatitis.</p