Computerised link analysis

Link Analysis (LA) is a useful method to study relationships and arrangements of elements within a system. It has been used more and more in the healthcare domain to create appropriate work conditions for clinical staff and provide patients with effective, efficient and safe services. However LA has limitations, such as the timeconsuming manual data recording and results generating processes. Thus, the Computerised Link Analysis (CLA) system was developed and is being tested to provide flexibility by computerising template generation, and data collection and analysis processes. This paper will describe the development and iterative testing (technical, usability and field) of the CLA system

Size-Resolved Ultrafine Particle Deposition and Brownian Coagulation from Gasoline Vehicle Exhaust in an Environmental Test Chamber

Size-resolved deposition rates and Brownian coagulation of particles between 20 and 900 nm (mobility diameter) were estimated in a well-mixed environmental chamber from a gasoline vehicle exhaust with a total peak particle concentration of 10⁵–10⁶ particles/cm³ at 12.24–25.22 °C. A deposition theory with modified friction velocity and coagulation model was also employed to predict particle concentration decay. Initially during particle decay, approximately 85% or more of the particles had diameters of <100 nm. Particle deposition rates with standard deviations were highly dependent on particle size ranges, and varied from 0.012 ± 0.003 to 0.48 ± 0.02 h^–1. In the experiment, the friction velocity obtained was in the range 1.5–2.5 cm/s. The most explainable fractal dimension and Hamaker constant in coagulation model were 2.5–3 and 20 kT, respectively, and the contribution from coagulation dominated the total particle decay during the first 1 h of decay. It is considered that the modified friction velocity and best fitted fractal dimension and Hamaker constants could be further used to analyze gasoline vehicle exhaust particle dynamics and assess human exposure to vehicle particle pollutants in urban areas, tunnels, and underground parking lots

A Membrane-Free Ferrocene-Based High-Rate Semiliquid Battery

We report here a ferrocene-based membrane-free, high-rate semiliquid battery that takes advantage of a highly soluble ferrocene/ferrocenium redox couple in nonaqueous phase. The designed battery exhibits stable capacity retention up to 94% of theoretical capacity of ferrocene (145 mAh g^–1) at a broad current rate up to 60 C owing to rapid mass transport in a liquid phase and fast redox kinetics. The diffusion coefficient and the standard reaction constant are determined to be in the order of 10^–6 cm² s^–1 and 10^–1 cm s^–1, respectively, orders of magnitude greater than those in a solid-phase electrode and those in conventional redox flow batteries. Additionally, the battery demonstrates power density and energy density exceeding 1400 W L^–1 and 40 Wh L^–1, respectively, and stable cyclability with capacity retention of ∼80% for 500 cycles. Compared with state-of-the-art energy storage technologies such as Li-ion batteries or conventional redox flow batteries, the proposed liquid battery shows the potential to be an efficient energy storage system with exceptionally high power and reasonable energy density

Catalyst-Enabled Scaffold Diversity: Highly Chemo- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Tricyclic Ketals and Triarylmethanes

The first catalytic cascade reaction of activated isocyanides with <i>para</i>-quinone methide-aryl esters is presented. Catalyst-enabled divergent pathways have also been achieved to deliver skeletally diverse products. While Ag catalysis leads to an unprecedented highly diastereoselective synthesis of tricyclic ketals, a simple procedure employing Cu catalysis produces oxazole-containing triarylmethanes in high efficiency through an unexpected C–C bond cleavage

Catalyst-Enabled Scaffold Diversity: Highly Chemo- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Tricyclic Ketals and Triarylmethanes

The first catalytic cascade reaction of activated isocyanides with <i>para</i>-quinone methide-aryl esters is presented. Catalyst-enabled divergent pathways have also been achieved to deliver skeletally diverse products. While Ag catalysis leads to an unprecedented highly diastereoselective synthesis of tricyclic ketals, a simple procedure employing Cu catalysis produces oxazole-containing triarylmethanes in high efficiency through an unexpected C–C bond cleavage

Catalyst-Enabled Scaffold Diversity: Highly Chemo- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Tricyclic Ketals and Triarylmethanes

The first catalytic cascade reaction of activated isocyanides with <i>para</i>-quinone methide-aryl esters is presented. Catalyst-enabled divergent pathways have also been achieved to deliver skeletally diverse products. While Ag catalysis leads to an unprecedented highly diastereoselective synthesis of tricyclic ketals, a simple procedure employing Cu catalysis produces oxazole-containing triarylmethanes in high efficiency through an unexpected C–C bond cleavage

Catalyst-Enabled Scaffold Diversity: Highly Chemo- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Tricyclic Ketals and Triarylmethanes

The first catalytic cascade reaction of activated isocyanides with <i>para</i>-quinone methide-aryl esters is presented. Catalyst-enabled divergent pathways have also been achieved to deliver skeletally diverse products. While Ag catalysis leads to an unprecedented highly diastereoselective synthesis of tricyclic ketals, a simple procedure employing Cu catalysis produces oxazole-containing triarylmethanes in high efficiency through an unexpected C–C bond cleavage

Stereoselective 1,6-Conjugate Addition/Annulation of <i>para</i>-Quinone Methides with Vinyl Epoxides/Cyclopropanes

Here, we present an unprecedented formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition of <i>para</i>-quinone methides with vinyl epoxides/cyclopropanes to deliver a wide range of spiro[4.5]­decanes in high efficiency and stereoselectivity. The commercial availability of the catalysts and reagents, together with the convenient procedure, makes it an attractive method in asymmetric synthesis

Catalytic Divergent Synthesis of 3<i>H</i> or 1<i>H</i> Pyrroles by [3 + 2] Cyclization of Allenoates with Activated Isocyanides

The cyclization of allenoates with activated isocyanides was reported for the first time. While Ag catalysis led to an unprecedented enantioselective synthesis of 3<i>H</i> pyrroles, a simple procedure using PPh₃ produced a wide range of polysubstituted 1<i>H</i> pyrroles with high efficiency

Stereoselective 1,6-Conjugate Addition/Annulation of <i>para</i>-Quinone Methides with Vinyl Epoxides/Cyclopropanes

Here, we present an unprecedented formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition of <i>para</i>-quinone methides with vinyl epoxides/cyclopropanes to deliver a wide range of spiro[4.5]­decanes in high efficiency and stereoselectivity. The commercial availability of the catalysts and reagents, together with the convenient procedure, makes it an attractive method in asymmetric synthesis