Supplemental Material - Rethinking internationalization at home from a system perspective: Evidence from China’s higher education institutions

Supplemental Material for Rethinking internationalization at home from a system perspective: Evidence from China’s higher education institutions by You Zhang International Journal of Chinese</p

Rapid Photooxidation of As(III) through Surface Complexation with Nascent Colloidal Ferric Hydroxide

Contamination of water and soils with arsenic, especially inorganic arsenic, has been one of the most important topics in the fields of environmental science and technology. The interactions between iron and arsenic play a very significant role in the environmental behavior and effect of arsenic species. However, the mechanism of As­(III) oxidation in the presence of iron has remained unclear because of the complicated speciation of iron and arsenic. Photooxidation of As­(III) on nascent colloidal ferric hydroxide (CFH) in aqueous solutions at pH 6 was studied to reveal the transformation mechanism of arsenic species. Experiments were done by irradiation using light-emitting diodes with a central wavelength of 394 nm. Results show that photooxidation of As­(III) and photoreduction of Fe­(III) occurred simultaneously under oxic or anoxic conditions. Photooxidation of As­(III) in the presence of nascent CFH occurred through electron transfer from As­(III) to Fe­(III) induced by absorption of radiation into a ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) band. The estimated quantum yield of photooxidation of As­(III) at 394 nm was (1.023 ± 0.065) × 10^–2. Sunlight-induced photooxidation of As­(III) also occurred, implying that photolysis of the CFH–As^III surface complex could be an important process in environments wherein nascent CFH exists

DataSheet_1_The Balance Between the Effectiveness and Safety for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting of Different Doses of Olanzapine (10 mg Versus 5 mg): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.docx

IntroductionThe aim of this study is to rigorously review the efficacy and safety of olanzapine in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) settings including (1) at 5- and 10-mg doses, and (2) the setting of highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC) and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC).MethodsEmbase, Pubmed, and Cochrane Library were searched from the establishment of the database through April 18, 2021. The primary efficacy endpoints were the rate of complete response (CR; no emesis and no rescue), in the acute (0–24 h post-chemotherapy), delayed (24–120 h post-chemotherapy), and overall (0–120 h post-chemotherapy) phases. The secondary efficacy endpoints were the rates of complete control (CC, no nausea, and no emesis), for each phase. Safety endpoints were the rate of somnolence, as assessed by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) criteria. The Mantel–Haenszel, random, or fixed-effect analysis model was used to compute risk ratios and accompanying 95% confidence intervals for each endpoint. For endpoints that statistically favored one arm, absolute risk differences were computed to assess whether there is a 10% or greater difference, used as the threshold for clinical significance by MASCC/ESMO.ResultNine studies reported the use of 10 mg olanzapine to prevent CINV; three studies reported the use of 5 mg olanzapine to prevent CINV. When olanzapine was administered at 10 mg for HEC patients, the six endpoints were statistically and clinically better than the control group. For MEC patients, four out of six endpoints were better than the control group. When olanzapine is administered at 5 mg for MEC patients, four endpoints have statistical and clinical advantages. The sedative effects of 10 and 5 mg olanzapine were statistically more significant than those of the control group. The sedative effect of the 10-mg olanzapine group was more significant than that of the 5-mg olanzapine group, both statistically and clinically.Conclusion5 mg olanzapine may be as effective as 10 mg olanzapine for patients with HEC and MEC, and its sedative effect is lower than 10 mg olanzapine. Fewer studies on 5 mg olanzapine have led to uncertain data. In the future, more randomized controlled trials of 5 mg olanzapine are needed to study the balance between the effectiveness and safety of olanzapine.</p

Increased intracellular levels of BMP promote fusion of LASV pseudoviruses.

(A) Images of CHO and CHO.NPC1mut cells permeabilized and stained for cholesterol with filipin and for BMP with anti-BMP antibody. Cell nuclei were stained with far-red dye. (B) Quantification of the levels of cholesterol and BMP based on fluorescence intensity per cell after background subtraction. 6 fields of view, each containing ~30 cells were analyzed. (C) Fusion activity of LASVpp, EBOVpp, IAVpp and VSVpp in CHO and CHO.NPC1mut cells measured by a BlaM assay. As negative controls, fusion experiments were carried out in the presence of 40 mM NH4Cl. Data are means and SD of two independent experiments performed in triplicate. NS, not significant. (# denotes that, although promotion of IAVpp fusion did not reach significance due to variation between independent experiments, enhancement of IAV fusion was significant in each experiment performed in triplicate).</p

Enhanced Removal of Free Radicals by Aqueous Hydrogen Nanobubbles and Their Role in Oxidative Stress

Elevated levels of reactive oxygen radicals caused by environmental stress are the key triggers of inflammation, aging, and disease; thus, it is critical to develop novel reactive oxygen radical scavenging methods with high efficiency and low toxicity. As a result of their selective reactive oxygen radical removal, hydrogen molecules are strong candidates, but their application is limited by the small hydrogen supply and short duration of action. In this study, we for the first time combined nanobubble (NB) technology and hydrogen water to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) using copper ions as a representative environmental pollutant and Tetrahymena thermophila as a model organism. Hydrogen NBs displayed a remarkable capability of removing H2O2 and O2•– at molar ratios of 8:1 and 240:1, respectively, which were unable to be removed by dissolved hydrogen molecules only. During the oxidative defense phase, hydrogen NB water either directly removed ROS or increased the activity and relative expression of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). During the oxidative inhibition phase, hydrogen NB water exerted antioxidant effects mainly by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase and GSH-Px as well as the expression of the corresponding genes. Our results provide an important theoretical support for the wide application of hydrogen NBs in empowering the antioxidant defense system

pH-dependence of LASV GPC-mediated cell-cell fusion.

(A) Fusion between COS7 cells transfected with LASV GPC and HEK293T cells mock-transfected or transfected with LAMP1mut was triggered by exposure to buffers of different acidity for 20 min at 37°C (optimal trigger). The results are means and SEM from three independent experiments. (B) pH-dependence of fusion, using the protocol described in panel A, was measured between LASV GPC-expressing COS7 cells and plain QT6 cells or QT6 cells transfected with LAMP1mut. The results are means and SEM from three independent experiments. *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01, ***, p<0.001.</p

LAMP1-dependence of LASV GPC-mediated cell-cell fusion.

(A) Representative images of effector COS7 cells transfected with LASV GPC and loaded with calcein-AM (green) and target HEK293T cells loaded with CMAC cytoplasmic dye (blue). HEK293T cells were transfected with the LAMP1 D384 mutant (LAMP1mut, right panel) or mock-transfected. Effector and target cells were mixed, allowed to adhere to poly-lysine-coated chambered slides and incubated for 30 min at room temperature. Fusion was triggered by exposing cells to a pH 5.0 buffer for 20 min at 37°C. Control wells were exposed to a pH 7.2 buffer (left panel). Double-positive fusion products are indicated by arrowheads. Scale bar 50 μm. (B) LAMP1-dependence of fusion between LASV GPC-expressing COS7 cells (loaded with calcein-AM) and HEK293T cells (loaded with CMAC) transfected with wild-type human LAMP1, LAMP1mut or mock-transfected. As a negative control, fusion between untransfected COS7 cells with HEK293T cells was measured. A 1:1 mixture of effector and target cells was adhered to poly-lysine coated coverslips and incubated 30 min at room temperature. Cell fusion was triggered by exposure to pH 6.2 for 10 min at room temperature (suboptimal trigger), and the fraction of cells positive for both cytoplasmic markers was measured after an additional incubation for 1 h at 37°C, neutral pH. The results are means and SEM from three independent experiments. (C) LAMP1-dependence of GPC-mediated fusion with avian DF-1 and QT6 cells. Avian cells transfected or not transfected with the human LAMP1mut were brought in contact with LASV GPC-expressing COS7 cells and exposed to pH 5.0 for 10 min at room temperature. The results are means and SEM from three independent experiments. (D) Soluble LAMP1 (sLAMP1) enhances GPC-mediated fusion with QT6 cells. GPC-expressing COS7 cells were co-plated with QT6 cells on coverslips for 30 min at room temperature to allow attachment and cell-cell contacts. The cells were further incubated in the absence or in the presence of 0.05 μg/ml of sLAMP1 for 20 min at room temperature, and fusion was triggered under optimal conditions (pH 5.0 at 37°C, 20 min). The results are means and SEM from three independent experiments.</p

Additional file 5 of Thiram, an inhibitor of 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, enhances the inhibitory effects of hydrocortisone in the treatment of osteosarcoma through Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Additional file 5

Additional file 1 of Thiram, an inhibitor of 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, enhances the inhibitory effects of hydrocortisone in the treatment of osteosarcoma through Wnt/β-catenin pathway

Additional file 1

pH- and LAMP1-dependence of LASV pseudovirus infection.

(A) Human HEK2393T or A549 cells transduced with control (shScr) or LAMP1-specific shRNA (shLAMP1) were infected with luciferase-encoding HIV-1 particles pseudotyped with LASV GPC (LASVpp) or Influenza A HA/NA glycoproteins (IAVpp). Control infections were done in the presence of 30 mM NH4Cl to block virus entry from endosomes. The resulting luciferase signal was measured at 48 hpi and plotted as mean and SEM from three independent experiments performed in duplicate. (B) Western blot analysis of LAMP1 expression and the efficiency of shRNA knockdown in HEK293T and A549 cells. Densitometry analysis of LAMP1 expression levels relative to control cells is shown under the bottom panel. Anti-tubulin served as the loading control. (C) LASVpp infection of avian QT6 cells transfected with an empty vector or human LAMP1-mRFP encoding plasmid. Data are mean and SD for two independent experiments performed in triplicate. *, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01, ***, p < 0.001, NS, not significant.</p