‘Tiyu (体育)’ for development and peace? An examination of attitudes and possibilities of the People’s Republic of China regarding the Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) movement

The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has appeared to be inattentive towards the globally lobbied Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) movement that endeavors to leverage sport for non-sporting development, currently subscribing to the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). By adopting the concept of ‘tiyu (体育)’—the supposed Chinese counterpart of ‘sport’—which also seeks to achieve wider objectives grounded on its premise of ‘body cultivation’, this paper proceeds with a text-based qualitative study incorporating document analysis and literature review to examine its current links to SDP. The findings suggest that: (1) While the national development foci of the PRC have demonstrated alignment with the SDGs, its tiyu policies have not. (2) Mainstream SDP projects have failed to be accommodated in the PRC, although some non-SDP tiyu practices have shown a commitment to SDP-desired outcomes. (3) The relative lack of interest in SDP in the PRC has not prevented some tiyu scholars from heeding this movement. Accordingly, this paper assesses the prospects of changing attitudes in the PRC toward SDP.</p

API-based two-dimensional dispatching decision-making approach for semiconductor wafer fabrication with operation due date–related objectives

<p>This paper presents an adjacent pairwise interchanges (API)-based two-dimensional dispatching decision-making approach for semiconductor wafer fabrication with operation due date-related objectives. Each time when a machine becomes idle, the proposed dispatcher chooses a target processing job from the competing jobs and assigns it a start time. Giving the operation due date information of each competing job, we formulate this dispatcher as the mean absolute deviation problem to keep the jobs finished around their operation due dates in a proactive way. Dominance properties of this problem are established using proof by APIs. Then, a heuristic comprised of job selection within candidate set, movement of job cluster and local search is designed to solve this problem more efficiently. Numerical experiments validate the efficiency of the proposed heuristic in a single-machine environment as well as in a simulated wafer fab abstracted from practice. In comparison with four most referenced due date-related dispatching rules, the simulation study reveals the benefits brought by the two-dimensional dispatching decision with different due date tightness taken into account.</p

Brain regions that showed higher functional connectivity with the left SOG in Far blocks versus the Near blocks.

<p>Brain regions that showed higher functional connectivity with the left SOG in Far blocks versus the Near blocks.</p

Main effect of spatial domain.

<p>(A) The bilateral SOG and the POJ showed significantly higher neural activity in the near space processing than in the far space processing (i.e., ‘Near > Far’) in the ‘match’ condition. No significant activation was found for the reverse contrast (i.e., ‘Far > Near’). (B) The primary visual cortex, the POJ and SOG showed significantly higher neural activity in the near space processing than in the far space processing (i.e., ‘Near > Far’) in the ‘natural’ condition (red regions). The bilateral inferior occipital gyrus (IOG) were activated for the reverse contrast (i.e., ‘Far > Near’). (C) Conjunction between the ‘Near > Far’ contrast in the ‘match’ and ‘natural’ conditions revealed the POJ and bilateral SOG.</p

Tiled vector data model for the geographical features of symbolized maps

<div><p>Electronic maps (E-maps) provide people with convenience in real-world space. Although web map services can display maps on screens, a more important function is their ability to access geographical features. An E-map that is based on raster tiles is inferior to vector tiles in terms of interactive ability because vector maps provide a convenient and effective method to access and manipulate web map features. However, the critical issue regarding rendering tiled vector maps is that geographical features that are rendered in the form of map symbols via vector tiles may cause visual discontinuities, such as graphic conflicts and losses of data around the borders of tiles, which likely represent the main obstacles to exploring vector map tiles on the web. This paper proposes a tiled vector data model for geographical features in symbolized maps that considers the relationships among geographical features, symbol representations and map renderings. This model presents a method to tailor geographical features in terms of map symbols and ‘addition’ (join) operations on the following two levels: geographical features and map features. Thus, these maps can resolve the visual discontinuity problem based on the proposed model without weakening the interactivity of vector maps. The proposed model is validated by two map data sets, and the results demonstrate that the rendered (symbolized) web maps present smooth visual continuity.</p></div

Experimental stimuli (top view).

<p>Three-dimensional stimuli consisted of a fork intersecting an plate either in the far space or in the near space both in ‘match’ (visual angles of stimuli were matched in the near and far spaces) stimuli (A) and ‘natural’ (visual angles of stimuli were same in the near and far spaces) stimuli (B). (Reprinted from [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0151838#pone.0151838.ref019" target="_blank">19</a>] under a CC BY license, with permission from [Massachusetts Institute of Technology], original copyright [2012].).</p