Probing the Sensory Property of Perylenediimide Derivatives in Hydrazine Gas: Core-Substituted Aromatic Group Effect

In this contribution, four perylenediimide derivatives (PTCDIs) with different core-substituted aromatic groups were prepared. Studies on their sensing properties in hydrazine vapor (10 ppm)  suggested ∼5 orders of the magnitude in increased current for core-phenyl-substituted DEY was achieved and this value is 9, 9, and 24 times higher than that of core-pyridyl-substituted DSPY, DFPY, and DTPY, respectively. The differential response to the hydrazine vapor is less dependent on their surface area and morphologies. The lower LUMO energy and activation energy with smaller interplanar spacing allows DEY highly efficient sensing performance. A similar face–face packing mode and LUMO energy of DSPY and DFPY lead to both of them exhibiting the same sensing performance, while higher LUMO energy and head-to-tail packing modes with a greater interplanar spacing induce the less-efficient sensing performance of DTPY sensors. Discussions for structure–function relationships suggested that aromatic groups in the bay region have significant impact on PTCDI sensing performance by modulating energy level, interplanar spacing, and stacking modes

Self-Assembled Organic Functional Nanotubes and Nanorods and Their Sensory Properties

Self-assembled, one-dimensional nanostructures of N,N′-bis(2-(trimethylammonium iodide)ethylene)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxyldiimide (PTCDI-I) with tunable morphologies were successfully prepared by a facile evaporation method. PTCDI-I nanotubes with diameters of approximately 100−300 nm were obtained by the evaporation of the aqueous solution of PTCDI-I, while long nanorods with diameters of approximately 200−300 nm were produced by slow evaporation of the methanolic solution of PTCDI-I. Studies of the nanostructures formed at different stages suggested that the formation of nanotubes and nanorods could be ascribed to different crystallization processes from different solutions. The PTCDI-I nanostructures were redox-active, and four-probe measurements based on a single nanotube or nanorod exhibited resistance decreased by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude after being exposed to reducing agents such as hydrazine or phenylhydrazine. Such high resistance modulations indicate that these nanostructures will be useful as building blocks for electronic nanodevices and sensors

Ammonia Sensory Properties Based on Single-Crystalline Micro/Nanostructures of Perylenediimide Derivatives: Core-Substituted Effect

Ammonia sensory properties based on conductometric gas sensors composed of single-crystalline micro/nanostructures of PTCDI-C12, PTCDI-Br2C12, and PTCDI-CN2C12 were investigated, and it was found that the core-cyanated PTCDI-CN2C12 sensor was response to NH3 gas. The initial sensitivity of the PTCDI-CN2C12 sensor had a value of 40%, then slightly decreased to 37% in 24 h, and could still keep a stable value of 37% after its exposure to air for 14 days. Detailed studies indicated that the addition of the strong electron-withdrawing group, CN, caused a significant decreasing of the reduction potential of PTCDI-CN2C12, which led to a notable increasing of the current of PTCDI-CN2C12 nanobelts with their exposure to NH3 gas due to the efficient charge exchange occurring between the PTCDI-CN2C12 and NH3 molecules so as to show that it is highly sensitive to NH3 molecules. The low LUMO energy level and highly ordered arrangement in nanobelts determined that the sensitivity of the PTCDI-CN2C12 sensor could keep a stable value even though it was exposed to air for 14 days. It is expected that this study can provide some valuable information for fabricating organic sensing devices with good sensitivity and stability

Tunable Supramolecular Helical Aggregate and Optoelectrical Properties of Perylene Diimides by Stereoisomerism of Sugar

In the present study, two sugar-based perylenediimide derivatives (PDIs) substituted at the imide positions with carbohydrate groups were synthesized to investigate the impact of the stereoisomerism of the sugar on the aggregation morphology and optoelectrical properties. The results showed that right-handed and left-handed helical nanowire fibers were obtained in tetrahydrofuran (THF)/H₂O solution for α-d-glucopyranoside- and β-d-glucopyranoside-substituted PDIs, respectively. Determination of the electrical current in hydrazine vapor revealed that both sugar-based chiral PDIs exhibited enhanced current changes compared to their achiral counterpart because of the larger π–π orbital overlap between their adjacent perylene cores. A larger π–π orbital overlap and a smaller π–π interplanar spacing increased the electrical current of the α-d-glucopyranoside-substituted PDI more markedly than that of the β-d-glucopyranoside-substituted PDI. The results of this study suggest that the stereoisomerism of chiral sugar groups significantly influences the aggregation morphology and optoelectrical properties of PDIs by adjusting their intermolecular interactions, π–π overlap, and π–π distance

The RT-PCR analysis of DEGs in the leaves of <i>L. confusa</i> that treat with different concentration of Ca²⁺.

<p>A to H represent the RT-PCR analysis of DEG1, DEG3, DEG5, DEG17, DEG21, DEG23, DEG24 and 18s rRNA, respectively. (1 to 6 represent the <i>L. confusa</i> was treated with 0 mg/L, 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 75 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 125 mg/L calcium chloride, respectively).</p

Iron Nitrate-Mediated Selective Synthesis of 3‑Acyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles from Alkynes and Nitriles: The Dual Roles of Iron Nitrate

A direct strategy for the selective synthesis of 3-acyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles from alkynes and nitriles has been developed under iron­(III) nitrate-mediated conditions. The mechanism includes three sequential procedures: iron­(III) nitrate-mediated nitration of alkynes leads to α-nitroketones, dehydration of α-nitroketones provides the nitrile oxides, and 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides with nitriles produces 3-acyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles under iron-mediated conditions. Iron­(III) nitrate plays dual roles in the nitration of alkynes and the activation of nitriles, while the formation of pyrimidine/isoxazole byproducts can be efficiently inhibited

2-DE analysis of <i>L. confusa</i> under different cultivated conditions.

<p>A represent the 2-DE map that showed the up and down expressed proteins in <i>L. confusa</i> that cultivated in calcareous soil (green and red arrow represent the protein that up-regulated and down-regulated in calcareous soil, respectively); B represent the three-dimensional profiles of the individual spots comparing control and Ca²⁺ treated profiles of each of the ten protein spots that showed significant changes.</p

The network of DEGs or DEPs with calcium sensor proteins by using Cytoscape software.

<p>Yellow and green cycles represent the DEGs or DEPs and calcium sensor proteins, respectively; the pink lines represent the directly interacted genes with DEGs or DEPs.</p

Blastn analysis of DEGs that involved in photosynthesis in different cultivated conditions.

<p>Blastn analysis of DEGs that involved in photosynthesis in different cultivated conditions.</p