The expression levels and correlation of miR-5195-3p and GMFB.

(A) In HG-induced ARPE-19 cells, miR-5195-3p was significantly downregulated compared with that of NG group. (B) GMFB protein expression was upregulated in HG-induced ARPE-19 cells compared with that of NG group. ***p p < 0.01 compared with miR-NC. NC, negative control; HG, high glucose; NG, normal glucose; WT, wild type; MUT, mutant type.</p

Effects of miR-5195-3p overexpression on ARPE-19 cell viability, inflammation and apoptosis after HG stimulation.

(A) Analysis of reverse transcription quantitative PCR was conducted to evaluate miR-5195-3p expression in ARPE-19 cells transfected with miR-5195-3p mimics or miR-NC. ***p p p p < 0.01, compared with HG + miR-NC; NC, negative control; HG, high glucose; NG, normal glucose.</p

Overexpression of GMFB reversed the protective effects of miR-5195-3p overexpression against HG-induced ARPE-19 cell injury.

ARPE-19 cells were co-transfected with miR-5195-3p mimics with either pcDNA3.1-GMFB or pcDNA3.1, followed by 24 h incubation with HG. (A) The protein expression of GMFB was detected by western blot analysis. (B) Cell viability was analyzed using CCK-8 assay. (C-D) ELISA assay was performed to analyze the release of IL-1β and TNF-α in transfected ARPE-19 cells, followed by HG stimulation. (E) The percentages of apoptotic cells were compared in transfected ARPE-19 cells, followed by HG stimulation. Data were shown as mean ± SD. *p p p p p < 0.001, compared with HG + miR-5195-3p mimics + pcDNA3.1; NC, negative control; HG, high glucose.</p

S1 Raw images -

(TIF)</p

Knockdown of GMFB enhanced the protective effects of miR-5195-3p overexpression against HG-induced ARPE-19 cell injury.

ARPE-19 cells were co-transfected with miR-5195-3p mimics and si-GMFB or si-NC, and then treated with HG for 24 h. (A) The protein expression of GMFB was detected by western blot analysis. (B) Cell viability was analyzed using CCK-8 assay. (C-D) ELISA assay was performed to analyze the release of IL-1β and TNF-α in transfected ARPE-19 cells, followed by HG stimulation. (E) The percentages of apoptotic cells were compared in transfected ARPE-19 cells, followed by HG stimulation. Data were shown as mean ± SD. *p p p p < 0.01, compared with HG + miR-5195-3p mimics + si-NC; NC, negative control; HG, high glucose; si, small interfering.</p

Effects of GMFB knockdown on ARPE-19 cell viability, inflammation and apoptosis after HG stimulation.

(A) Western blot analysis was conducted to evaluate GMFB protein expression in ARPE-19 cells transfected with si-GMFB or si-NC. (B) The transfected ARPE-19 cells were exposed to HG, followed by CCK-8 assay. (C) ELISA assay was performed to analyze the release of IL-1β and TNF-α in transfected ARPE-19 cells, followed by HG stimulation. (D) The percentages of apoptotic cells were compared in transfected ARPE-19 cells, followed by HG stimulation. Data were shown as mean ± SD. **p p p p < 0.01, compared with HG + si-NC; NC, negative control; HG, high glucose; NG, normal glucose; si, small interfering.</p

MOESM2 of Effect of cytoglobin overexpression on extracellular matrix component synthesis in human tenon fibroblasts

Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Immunostaining in Cygb overexpression group and control group. Intracellular protein signal was detectable in Cygb overexpression group but not in control group

MOESM1 of Effect of cytoglobin overexpression on extracellular matrix component synthesis in human tenon fibroblasts

Additional file 1: Table S1. List of RT-PCR primers used in this study

Phthalimide-Carried Disulfur Transfer To Synthesize Unsymmetrical Disulfanes via Copper Catalysis

A versatile Cu-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction to various unsymmetrical disulfanes has been presented, from phthalimide-carried disulfur transfer reagents and commercially available boronic acids under mild and practical conditions. The method features the unprecedented use of phthalimide-carried disulfurating reagents (Harpp reagent) in cross-coupling chemistry and is highlighted by the broad substrate scopes, even applicable for the transfer of aryl-disulfur moieties (ArSS−). Notably, the robustness of this methodology is shown by the late-stage modification of bioactive scaffolds of coumarin, estrone, and captopril