DataSheet_1_Association between serum total testosterone levels and metabolic syndrome among adult women in the United States, NHANES 2011–2016.zip

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between serum total testosterone (TT) levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) or its components among adult women.Methods2,678 women from NHANES 2011-2016 were included in this cross-sectional study. MetS was determined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. The association between serum TT levels and MetS was evaluated by two logistics regression models and the adjusted restricted cubic spline (RCS). Stratified analysis and sensitive analysis were also conducted.ResultsContinuous TT levels were negatively associated with the occurrence of MetS, and the ORs associated with per SD increase in ln TT were 0.70 (95%CI: 0.58-0.85) in 2011-2014 and 0.56 (95%CI: 0.39-0.79) in 2015-2016 in Model A. High TT group were less likely to have MetS (OR=0.60, 95%CI: 0.45-0.80 in 2011-2014 and OR=0.50, 95%CI: 0.32-0.78 in 2015-2016) when compared to the low TT group. When TT levels were divided into quartiles, TT levels were negatively correlated with the incidence of MetS (p for trend ConclusionsOur study indicated that TT levels are negatively correlated with the occurrence of MetS, with interaction effects of age, smoke behaviors, and depressive status.</p

Data_Sheet_1_A Role of Socioeconomic Status in Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults in Macau: A Decomposition Approach.PDF

BackgroundTo explore the prevalence and inequality of cognitive impairment among older adults in Macau and the contributions of influencing factors to inequality in cognitive impairment.MethodsThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to measure the prevalence of cognitive impairment. Socioeconomic status scores were used to describe economic level of the subjects. The concentration index was applied to measure the inequality of cognitive impairment associated with socioeconomic status (SES) and decomposed into its influencing factors.ResultsThe prevalence of cognitive impairment was 44.35% in Macau. The concentration index of cognitive impairment among the elderly was −0.165 (95% CI: −0.232 to −0.098), indicating that the prevalence of cognitive impairment was concentrated in households with poor SES. Older age, poor SES, long or short sleep duration, other marital status, poor appetite, no tea/coffee drinking, no religious belief, and depression contributed positively to the inequality of cognitive impairment. Among these factors, SES made the largest contribution to inequality, accounting for 76.74%.ConclusionIn Macau, the prevalence of cognitive impairment among people aged 65 years and older is concentrated among those who are in poor economic conditions. Reducing the gap between the rich and the poor at the source, increasing educational level of low SES population and improving their access to healthcare services will help to improve the inequity of cognitive impairment.</p

Media 2: Real-time phase-resolved optical coherence tomography and optical Doppler tomography

Originally published in Optics Express on 11 March 2002 (oe-10-5-236

Is body mass index associated with outcomes of mechanically ventilated adult patients in intensive critical units? A systematic review and meta-analysis

<div><p>Background</p><p>Obesity paradox refers to lower mortality in subjects with higher body mass index (BMI), and has been documented under a variety of condition. However, whether obesity paradox exists in adults requiring mechanical ventilation in intensive critical units (ICU) remains controversial.</p><p>Methods</p><p>MEDLINE, EMBASE, China Biology Medicine disc (CBM) and CINAHL electronic databases were searched from the earliest available date to July 2017, using the following search terms: “body weight”, “body mass index”, “overweight” or “obesity” and “ventilator”, “mechanically ventilated”, “mechanical ventilation”, without language restriction. Subjects were divided into the following categories based on BMI (kg/m²): underweight, < 18.5 kg/m²; normal, 18.5–24.9 kg/m²; overweight, BMI 25–29.9 kg/m²; obese, 30–39.9 kg/m²; and severely obese > 40 kg/m². The primary outcome was mortality, and included ICU mortality, hospital mortality, short-term mortality (<6 months), and long-term mortality (6 months or beyond). Secondary outcomes included duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay (LOS) in ICU and hospital. A random-effects model was used for data analyses. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale.</p><p>Results</p><p>A total of 15,729 articles were screened. The final analysis included 23 articles (199,421 subjects). In comparison to non-obese patients, obese patients had lower ICU mortality (odds ratio (OR) 0.88, 95% CI 0.0.84–0.92, I² = 0%), hospital mortality (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.74–0.93, I² = 52%), short-term mortality (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.74–0.88, I² = 0%) as well as long-term mortality (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.60–0.79, I² = 0%). In comparison to subjects with normal BMI, obese patients had lower ICU mortality (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82–0.93, I² = 5%). Hospital mortality was lower in severely obese and obese subjects (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53–0.94, I² = 74%, and OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73–0.89, I² = 30%). Short-term mortality was lower in overweight and obese subjects (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.75–0.90, I² = 0%, and, OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.66–0.84, I² = 8%, respectively). Long-term mortality was lower in severely obese, obese and overweight subjects (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.18–0.83, and OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.46–0.86, I² = 56%, and OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.57–0.77, I² = 0%). All 4 mortality measures were higher in underweight subjects than in subjects with normal BMI. Obese subjects had significantly longer duration on mechanical ventilation than non-obese group (mean difference (MD) 0.48, 95% CI 0.16–0.80, I² = 37%), In comparison to subjects with normal BMI, severely obese BMI had significantly longer time in mechanical ventilation (MD 1.10, 95% CI 0.38–1.83, I² = 47%). Hospital LOS did not differ between obese and non-obese patients (MD 0.05, 95% CI -0.52 to 0.50, I² = 80%). Obese patients had longer ICU LOS than non-obese patients (MD 0.38, 95% CI 0.17–0.59, I² = 70%). Hospital LOS and ICU LOS did not differ significantly in subjects with different BMI status.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>In ICU patients receiving mechanical ventilation, higher BMI is associated with lower mortality and longer duration on mechanical ventilation.</p></div

Obese and non-obese patients mortality.

<p>Obese and non-obese patients mortality.</p

Study characteristics by body mass index category.

<p>Study characteristics by body mass index category.</p

Association of obesity and mortality in in mechanical ventilation patients in ICU.

(A) ICU mortality. (B) long-term mortality. (C) short-term mortality. (D) hospital mortality.</p

Media 1: Real-time phase-resolved optical coherence tomography and optical Doppler tomography

Originally published in Optics Express on 11 March 2002 (oe-10-5-236

Flow diagram of study selection process.

<p>Flow diagram of study selection process.</p

DataSheet1_Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Quality Control of Xiasangju: A Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula.docx

As a traditional Chinese herbal formula, Xiasangju (XSJ) is widely used in China for antipyresis and influenza treatment. However, XSJ still fails to have a comprehensive summary of the research progress in the last decade. This review summarizes the advanced research on the extraction process, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, and quality control of XSJ. Current research mainly focuses on quality control and the pharmacological effects of single herbs and active ingredients, but many pharmacological mechanisms of the formula are unclear. The development of active ingredients reflects the active characteristics of triterpenes, phenolic acids and flavonoids, but the hepatotoxicity of Prunella vulgaris L. has not been taken into account. XSJ has extensive historical practical experiences, while systematic clinical trials remain lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to study the active ingredients and define the mechanisms of XSJ to develop multiple applications, and further studies on the dose range between its hepatoprotective activity and hepatotoxicity are necessary to improve the safety of the clinical application. In this review, the current problems are discussed to facilitate the reference basis for the subsequent research on the development of XSJ and future application directions.</p