Solubility Determination and Thermodynamic Model Analysis of Adefovir in Different Solvents from 278.15 to 328.15 K

In this experiment, we used eight pure solvents and three binary solvents to measure the solubility data of adefovir (AF) in the temperature range of 278.15–323.15 K. To ensure the accuracy of these data, we employed thermodynamic models to fit the data and assess their accuracy. We observed that the solubility of adefovir in all solvents increased with the temperature. Among the pure solvents, DMF exhibited the highest solubility of adefovir, while the solubility of adefovir in toluene was the lowest. The solubility of adefovir improved as the positive solvent’s molar fraction increased in the binary solvent mixtures. All five models effectively fitted the solubility data, and the reliability of the results was confirmed by comparing the relative average deviation (RAD) and the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) for each model. In conclusion, the modified Apelblat model was found to be more effective for pure solvents, while the CNIBS/R–K model demonstrated superior performance for binary solvents. Additionally, analysis of the pure solvent parameters using the KAT-LSER model revealed that the hydrogen bonding alkalinity of the solvents was the main factor influencing the solubility of adefovir in the solvent

DataSheet_1_PacBio full-length sequencing integrated with RNA-seq reveals the molecular mechanism of waterlogging and its recovery in Paeonia ostii.docx

Paeonia ostii, a widely cultivated tree peony species in China, is a resourceful plant with medicinal, ornamental and oil value. However, fleshy roots lead to a low tolerance to waterlogging in P. ostii. In this study, P. ostii roots were sequenced using a hybrid approach combining single-molecule real-time and next-generation sequencing platforms to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the response to this sequentially waterlogging stress, the normal growth, waterlogging treatment (WT), and waterlogging recovery treatment (WRT). Our results indicated that the strategy of P. ostii, in response to WT, was a hypoxic resting syndrome, wherein the glycolysis and fermentation processes were accelerated to maintain energy levels and the tricarboxylic acid cycle was inhibited. P. ostii enhanced waterlogging tolerance by reducing the uptake of nitrate and water from the soil. Moreover, transcription factors, such as AP2/EREBP, WRKY, MYB, and NAC, played essential roles in response to WT and WRT. They were all induced in response to the WT condition, while the decreasing expression levels were observed under the WRT condition. Our results contribute to understanding the defense mechanisms against waterlogging stress in P. ostii.</p

Investigations of the Thermal Properties, Nucleation Kinetics, and Growth of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Aqueous Ethanol Solution

DSC studies show that a sample starts to melt at 190.6 °C with a high melting enthalpy of 343.4 J/g. Using a laser monitoring system, the solubility of γ-aminobutyric acid in aqueous ethanol solution was measured by a synthetic method at temperatures ranging from 288.2 to 313.2 K and at atmospheric pressure; these are important data for the crystallization process of γ-aminobutyric acid from its aqueous solution. The measured solubility was correlated with the Buchowski−Ksia̧zczak equation and the modified Apelblat equation. Then, the induction of γ-aminobutyric acid in ethanol was estimated at different temperatures. The study reveals that the induction period of γ-aminobutyric acid decreases with increasing supersaturation. Interfacial tension was estimated from the experimentally determined induction period values. Nucleation parameters were also investigated based on classical nucleation theory. The grown crystals were also subjected to structural and thermal studies

Solubility Determination and Thermodynamic Model Analysis of Esculetin in Different Solvents from 273.15 to 318.15 K

Esculetin is derived from the leaves of lemons of Rutaceae and the bark of bittersweet ash, belladonna, mandala, and Rehmannia plants. In this research, the solubility of esculetin in ten solvents such as ethyl acetate, isobutyl alcohol, water, methanol, acetonitrile, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butanol, ethanol, and acetone was determined by utilizing static equilibrium-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) under standard atmospheric pressure conditions and temperatures in the range of 273.15 to 318.15 K. Among the above ten pure solvents, water displayed the least solubility, while methanol exhibited the highest solubility. At the same temperature (T = 273.15 ∼ 318.15 K), the solubility of esculetin increased with the increase of the molar ratio of soluble solvents. Similarly, when the temperature increases (T = 273.15 ∼ 318.15 K), the solubility of the three binary solvents increases under the condition of a constant molar ratio. The above results suggest that the main factor affecting the solubility of esculetin in the solvent may be the polarization/bipolarity of the solvent. The experimental data was fitted by five thermodynamic models (the Buchowski–Ksiazaczak λh model, the Modified Apelblat model, the Jouyban–Acree model, the SUN model, and the CNIBS/R-K model), and the relative average deviation and root-mean-square deviation of the data were calculated, which proved that the correlation of the solubility data and the five models was relatively good. XRD and DSC were used to detect the crystal form and stability of esculetin during the experiment

Solubility Determination and Analysis of Phenol Red in Monosolvent and Binary Mixed Solvent at <i>T</i> = 278.15–323.15 K

The solubility and thermodynamic characteristics of phenol red were determined by the static equilibrium method combined with HPLC. The equilibrium solubility of phenol red in 12 monosolvents (methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, acetonitrile, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, DMF, water, and acetone) was measured at a temperature range of 278.15–323.15 K and a constant pressure of 101.1 kPa. The results showed that in the experimental temperature range, the solubility of phenol red is positively correlated with the temperature and reached the maximum and minimum values in DMF and isobutanol. Ethanol, acetonitrile, and water were randomly selected to form three groups of binary mixed solvents, the monosolvent with high solubility is used as the cosolvent in the binary mixed solvent, and the solubility data were measured under the same experimental conditions. Interestingly, in all binary mixed solvents, the solubility data of phenol red showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of the proportion of cosolvent. The Buchowski–Ksiazaczak λh model and Apelblat model were used to fit the solubility data of phenol red in monosolvent, and the average root mean square deviation (RMSD) values are 3.8775 × 10–2 and 4.6592 × 10–3. The Jouyban–Acree model, CNIBS/R-K model, and Sun model were used to fit the solubility data of phenol red in binary mixed solvent, and the average RMSD values were 9.4265 × 10–6, 5.1215 × 10–6, and 9.4265 × 10–6. Furthermore, the solvation of phenol red was investigated by the KAT-LSER model. The results showed that the acidity of the hydrogen bond had a significant effect on the solubility, and the contribution rate was 35.5%

Solubility of 2-(2,4,6-Trichlorophenoxy)ethyl Bromide in Methanol, Ethanol, Propanol, Isopropanol, Acetonitrile, <i>n</i>-Heptane, and Acetone

The solubilities of 2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl bromide in methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and n-heptane were measured using the analytical stirred-flask method over the temperature range from (278.2 to 323.2) K. The results showed that acetone had highest solubilities and solubilities of 2-(2,4,6- trichlorophenoxy)ethyl bromide in different solvents increase with temperature. The experimental data were regressed by the λh equation and the modified Apelblat equation. The calculated solubilities showed good agreement with the experimental data and had acceptable precision for industrial applications. In addition, the melting point of 2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl bromide determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was 324.05 K, and the melting enthalpy was 79.02 J·g−1. The results of DSC also indicated that 2-(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethyl bromide did not have any enantiotropically related polymorphs

Multifunctional Half-Floating-Gate Field-Effect Transistor Based on MoS₂–BN–Graphene van der Waals Heterostructures

Multifunctional electronic devices that combine logic operation and data storage functions are of great importance in developing next-generation computation. The recent development of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures based on various two-dimensional (2D) materials have brought exceptional opportunities in designing novel electronic devices. Although various 2D-heterostructure-based electronic devices have been reported, multifunctional devices that can combine logic operations and data storage functions are still quite rare. In this work, we design and fabricate a half-floating-gate field-effect transistor based on MoS2–BN–graphene vdW heterostuctures, which can be used for logic operations as a MOSFET, nonvolatile memory as a floating-gate MOSFET (FG-MOSFET), and rectification as a diode. These results could lay the foundation for various applications based on 2D vdW heterostuctures and inspire the design of next-generation computation beyond the von Neumann architecture

Core competencies among nurses engaged in pallative care: A scoping review

Aim: To synthesize available evidence about core competencies for nurses engaged in palliative care. Design: A scoping review conducted according to the framework from Joanna Briggs Institute. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist was adopted to report this scoping review. The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDriect, CNKI, WangFang, VIP and Sinomed databases were used to systematically search for published studies from their inception to December 2023. Two researchers independently screened and selected relevant studies and performed the data charting. Results: Twenty-six studies were included in this scoping review. Among these, 14 studies identified core competency assessment instruments among nurses engaged in palliative care, with the Palliative Care Core Competence Questionnaire was used most frequently; 13 studies investigated the status of core competencies of nurses engaged in palliative care, the majority of included studies indicated that nurse's core competencies were at moderate levels; 11 studies explored the factors influencing the core competencies of the nurses engaged in palliative care, which were classified as sociodemographic-related factors, palliative care education-related factors, death attitude, palliative care practice-related experience and others. Conclusion: This scoping review offers a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of core competencies among nurses in palliative care. Findings suggested that the clinical nursing leaders need to develop tailored strategies and interventions to address specific factors and promote the continuous development of nurses' competencies in palliative care. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Core competency assessment instruments equip nurses and healthcare organizations with a range of validated tools for evaluating their proficiency in palliative care. Targeted core competency enhancement programmes need to be developed to foster a nursing workforce better equipped to improve the quality of life of end-of-life patients and their families. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution

Measurement and Analysis of Solvent Behavior and Thermodynamic Properties of 3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic Acid in Industrial Common Solvents with Different Temperatures (<i>T</i> = 278.15–323.15 K)

Herein, the solubility and thermodynamic characterization solubility of 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid (TMCA) were studied by a static equilibrium method combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which provided a significant reference for crystallization and industrial separation of TMCA. First, the solubility data of TMCA was measured in 11 industrial common solvents and 4 binary mixed solvents at different temperatures (278.15–323.15 K) under atmospheric pressure. The results showed that the solubility of TMCA in the test solvents was positively correlated with temperature. In binary solvents, the increase in the mole fraction of the cosolvent also facilitated the dissolution of TMCA. Then, the monosolvent solubility data obtained in the experiment were fitted by the Buchowski–Ksiazaczak λh model and modified Apelblat model. The binary mixed solvent solubility data obtained in the experiment were fitted by the CNIBS/R–K model, Jouyban–Acree model, and SUN model. Meanwhile, the KAT-LSER model was also used to explore the effect of the solvation of TMCA. Furthermore, as can be seen from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses, the purity of the sample is without crystal transformation before and after dissolution, indicating that the physical and chemical properties of the TMCA sample are stable in the experimental process, and the experimental data have good accuracy and reliability

Appendix S1 for Drivers of nematode diversity in forest soils across climatic zones

This document includes: Table S1. Composition of dominant tree species for forest sites and number of woody plant species (diameter at breast height greater > 1 cm) in temperate, warm-temperate, and tropical climatic zones. Table S2. Results (F-values and P-values) of one-way ANOVAs or t-tests (t-values and P-values) testing the effects of climatic zone on climate (MAP and MAT) and plant (alpha-, beta- and gamma-diversity of woody plants and GPP) properties. Table S3. Results of linear mixed models testing the effects of climatic zone on soil pH, soil organic carbon, total soil nitrogen, total soil phosphorus (with forest site as random effect, n = 13; and with plot as random effect, n = 39) and nematode alpha-diversity and total nematode biomass (with forest site as random effect, n = 13; and with plot as random effect, n = 39), nematode beta- and gamma-diversity (with forest site as random effect, n = 13). Table S4. The abundance (individuals/100 g dry soil) of nematode genera/families for tropical, warm-temperate, and temperate forest sites. Table S5. Results of linear mixed models testing the effects of climatic zone on abundance, relative abundance (with forest site as random effect, n = 13; and with plot as random effect, n = 39) and the biomass proportion of different nematode trophic groups (with forest site as random effect, n = 13). 2 Table S6. The mean monthly temperature (℃) for the 39 sampling plots in temperate, warm-temperate, and tropical climatic zones. Table S7. The mean monthly precipitation (mm) for the 39 sampling plots in temperate, warm-temperate, and tropical climatic zones