The damage mechanism of spent acid in acid fracturing and damage reduction measures in Daniudi gas field

In the process of acid fracturing, spent acid after acid-rock reaction will adsorb and block matrix pores, damaging reservoir, resulting in damage to the reservoir. In order to clarify the influence of spent acid damage on carbonate reservoir of Majiagou Formation in Daniudi Gasfield, the spent acid damage experiments on matrix, natural fracture and acid etched fracture were carried out through the configuration of field spent acid, and the damage mechanism was analyzed from micro and macro perspectives. In addition, the potential sediment test of acid rock chemical reaction of carbonate rock cores containing gypsum in Daniudi Gasfield has been carried out. The experimental results show that spent acid has a high damage rate to matrix. Spent acid enters the matrix in the form of pore clogging to contaminate the core, with a failure rate of about 30%. The spent acid remains on the surface of natural- fracture, and the reservoir with high permeability is less damaged by the spent acid. Spent acid damage rate is between 10 and 20% in the natural fracture. But acid etched fracture is almost unaffected by spent acid. Therefore, the damage of spent acid is mainly caused by blockage, and the adsorption damage is relatively low. On the other hand, Gypsum has no obvious damage in acidizing fracturing. Finally, in order to reduce the spent acid damage, acid optimization measures were taken. The optimized acid can reduce the damage of spent acid by less than 10%.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Change of Pathological Type to Metaplastic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast During Disease Recurrence: Case Report and Literature Review.pdf

Background: Metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is a rare and heterogeneous group of primary breast malignancies. The etiology, pathogenesis, and proper treatment for this kind rare breast cancer are still unclear.Case presentation: We reported a case of a 55-year-old woman with a palpable lump in the inner quadrant of the right breast. She underwent a right breast mass resection and sentinel lymph node biopsy, which revealed that the tumor was an invasive ductal carcinoma, followed by four cycles of doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide and four cycles of docetaxel as adjuvant chemotherapy, and then simultaneous integrated boost intensity modulated radiotherapy to the whole right breast. After 2 years' follow-up, she had biopsy-proven disease recurrence in the right breast, which revealed SCC, and a mammogram showed abnormalities in the lower inner quadrant of the right breast and left axillary lymph nodes. Then we performed bilateral breast modified radical mastectomy, which confirmed that the recurrent tumors were metaplastic SCC, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant radiotherapy of the left supraclavicular and apical axillary regions. There has been no recurrent or metastatic evidence in the 16 months' follow-up since the second surgery.Conclusion: This case report shows that evolution of pathology type in recurrent breast cancer after initial treatment is possible. Detailed pathologic and immunohistochemical analyses are needed for identification of this change. Surgery and adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy are appropriate treatments for recurrent primary SCC of the breast.</p

Investigation of CO₂ Capture in Nonaqueous Ethylethanolamine Solution Mixed with Porous Solids

In this work, the postcombustion CO₂ capture performance was explored in 100.000 g of a nonaqueous solution, 30 wt % monoethylethanolamine (EMEA) and 70 wt % diethylethanolamine (DEEA). Porous solids (multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), silica gel (SG), and MCM-41) with mass fractions (0.025, 0.050, 0.100 and 0.200%) were added into the pure nonaqueous solution forming the new absorbents to improve the CO₂ capture performance. The CO₂ absorption (313 K) and desorption (383 K) of the new absorbents were operated in the absorption–desorption apparatus under atmospheric pressure. The results show that the addition of the porous solids in the nonaqueous solution led to a 2% decrease in the absorption loading, while contributing to a 10 min decrease in the desorption time under the same desorption extent. The maximum desorption rates of the new absorbents peaked about 5 min earlier than that of the nonaqueous solution, with an enhancement order of MWCNTs > MCM-41 > SG. Meanwhile, the new absorbent, nonaqueous solution mixed with 0.050% MWCNTs, had the best enhancement in the desorption process and exhibited a good stability in the absorption–desorption experiment. Analytic methods (XRD, BET, FT-IR, and SEM) were used to characterize MWCNTs before and after the five absorption–desorption cycles, which showed a good stability of MWCNTs with no significant change in the structure and activity

Regenerable CuO-Based Adsorbents for Low Temperature Desulfurization Application

A series of CuO-based adsorbents for deep removal of H₂S at low temperature was prepared by a coprecipitation method. It was found that CuO-based adsorbents are able to remove H₂S from a CO₂ stream to less than 0.1 ppm at 40 °C. Among them, Fe–Cu–Al–O adsorbent exhibited the highest breakthrough capacity of 113.9 mg g^–1, which is more than 6 times that of pure CuO. The breakthrough capacity was also dependent on the adsorption temperature, space velocity, balance gas, and calcination temperature. The proper adsorption temperature should be lower than 100 °C in the presence of CO₂, and a higher space velocity and calcination temperature could decrease the breakthrough capacity significantly. In addition, the CuO-based adsorbents had a regeneration rate of 43–90% in air at a relative low temperature from 100 to 200 °C with a stable breakthrough capacity after four adsorption–regeneration cycles

Table_2_Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveals That Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate Regulates Galanthamine Biosynthesis in Lycoris longituba Seedlings.xlsx

The Amaryllidaceae alkaloid galanthamine (Gal) in Lycoris longituba is a secondary metabolite that has been used to treat Alzheimer’s disease. Plant secondary metabolism is affected by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) exposure, although the regulatory mechanisms of MeJA on L. longituba seedlings remains largely unknown. In the present study, 75, 150, and 300 μM MeJA were used as treatments on L. longituba seedlings for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, while 0 μM MeJA was used as the control (MJ-0). The effect of exogenous MeJA on Gal synthesis in L. longituba was then investigated using transcriptomic sequencing and metabolite profiling via GC-MS and LC-MS analysis. Galanthamine (Gal), lycorine (Lyc), and lycoramine (Lycm) abundances were 2. 71-, 2. 01-, and 2.85-fold higher in 75 μM MeJA (MJ-75) treatment plants compared to MJ-0 treatment plants after 7 days of cultivation. Transcriptomic analysis further showed that MJ-75 treatment significantly induced the expression of norbelladine synthase (NBS) and norbelladine 4′-O-methyltransferase (OMT), which are involved in the Gal biosynthesis pathway. In addition, increased expression was observed in MJ-75 treatment plants for genes in the JA synthesis and JA signaling pathways including those of allene oxide cyclase (AOC), 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase (OPR), jasmonic acid amino acid synthase (JAR), and transcription factor MYC. The L. longituba tyrosine decarboxylase (LlTYDC) enzyme was identified and proposed to be involved in the Gal biosynthetic pathway. Metabolomics results demonstrated that the accumulation of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, and especially alkaloids in the Gal biosynthesis pathway, could be induced by MJ-75 treatment. Interestingly, metabolites in the JA synthesis pathway were also affected by MeJA treatment. Overall, this multi-omics study suggests that both the JA synthesis/JA signaling and Gal biosynthesis pathways were affected by exogenous MeJA treatment. This comprehensive study of gene expression and metabolite contents can help us better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying MeJA-mediated Gal biosynthesis in L. longituba.</p

Expression level of B- and C-class MADS-box genes is associated with the petaloidy of stamens in cultivated amaryllis (<i>Hippeastrum hybridum</i>)

One of the most important attributes of Hippeastrum hybridum (amaryllis) flower is its double-flower trait, which is partly derived from the petaloidy of its stamens. Three types of floral organs in whorl 3 of double flowers from H. hybridum cv. Jewel, namely normal stamens, partly petaloid stamens, and completely petaloid stamens, were sampled for RNA-seq analysis to identify candidate genes related to the petaloidy of stamens. 12,584 differentially expressed genes between normal stamens and petaloid stamens were obtained, in which several MADS-box genes and a series of genes related to morphogenesis, pigment, and cell wall development were identified. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of nine MADS-box genes clustered to the ABCE-class was performed in three cultivars ‘Jewel’, ‘Merry Christmas’, and ‘Red Nymph’. Consistent with the transcriptome data, higher expression of the B-class genes HhAP3.2 and HhPI1, but lower expression of the C-class gene HhAG1 was observed in petaloid stamens than those in normal stamens, and this trend was enhanced with an increase in the degree of petaloidy. These results suggest that the expression level of B- and C-class MADS-box genes is associated with the petaloidy of stamens in H. hybridum, which provide candidate genes for double-flower breeding in H. hybridum.</p

1D/2D/0D Mixed-Dimensional TiO₂/ZnO/Ag Core–Shell Nanowires for High-Performance UV–Vis Photoelectrochemical Photodetectors

One-dimensional (1D) TiO2 nanowires (NWs) have potential applications in photoelectrochemical (PEC) photodetectors due to their unique 1D geometries and optical and electrical properties. However, the wide bandgap and insufficient surface area of TiO2 NWs hinder their response spectra and responsivity. Constructing mixed-dimensional heterostructures may improve their PEC performance by controllably tuning the structure and properties of materials with different dimensionalities. In this strategy, mixed-dimensional TiO2/ZnO/Ag core–shell NWs were prepared by employing 1D TiO2 NWs with exposed {001} facets, 2D ZnO nanosheets (NSs), and 0D Ag quantum dots (QDs). The mixed-dimensional NW-based PEC photodetector exhibited a high responsivity (R = 730 and 490 mA/W) and a fast response speed (τr/τd = 1.10/0.91 and 1.52/0.61 s), with a broad response from the ultraviolet (380 nm) to visible (420 nm) region. The localized surface plasmon resonance of the 0D Ag QDs and unique type-II band alignment of 1D TiO2 NWs/2D ZnO NSs enhanced the light absorption and also the generation and separation of photogenerated carriers. These combined effects greatly enhanced the photodetector’s performance, showing that this approach can be used to fabricate mixed-dimensional heterostructures for high-performance optoelectronic devices

Table_3_Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveals That Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate Regulates Galanthamine Biosynthesis in Lycoris longituba Seedlings.xlsx

The Amaryllidaceae alkaloid galanthamine (Gal) in Lycoris longituba is a secondary metabolite that has been used to treat Alzheimer’s disease. Plant secondary metabolism is affected by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) exposure, although the regulatory mechanisms of MeJA on L. longituba seedlings remains largely unknown. In the present study, 75, 150, and 300 μM MeJA were used as treatments on L. longituba seedlings for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, while 0 μM MeJA was used as the control (MJ-0). The effect of exogenous MeJA on Gal synthesis in L. longituba was then investigated using transcriptomic sequencing and metabolite profiling via GC-MS and LC-MS analysis. Galanthamine (Gal), lycorine (Lyc), and lycoramine (Lycm) abundances were 2. 71-, 2. 01-, and 2.85-fold higher in 75 μM MeJA (MJ-75) treatment plants compared to MJ-0 treatment plants after 7 days of cultivation. Transcriptomic analysis further showed that MJ-75 treatment significantly induced the expression of norbelladine synthase (NBS) and norbelladine 4′-O-methyltransferase (OMT), which are involved in the Gal biosynthesis pathway. In addition, increased expression was observed in MJ-75 treatment plants for genes in the JA synthesis and JA signaling pathways including those of allene oxide cyclase (AOC), 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase (OPR), jasmonic acid amino acid synthase (JAR), and transcription factor MYC. The L. longituba tyrosine decarboxylase (LlTYDC) enzyme was identified and proposed to be involved in the Gal biosynthetic pathway. Metabolomics results demonstrated that the accumulation of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, and especially alkaloids in the Gal biosynthesis pathway, could be induced by MJ-75 treatment. Interestingly, metabolites in the JA synthesis pathway were also affected by MeJA treatment. Overall, this multi-omics study suggests that both the JA synthesis/JA signaling and Gal biosynthesis pathways were affected by exogenous MeJA treatment. This comprehensive study of gene expression and metabolite contents can help us better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying MeJA-mediated Gal biosynthesis in L. longituba.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analyses Reveals That Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate Regulates Galanthamine Biosynthesis in Lycoris longituba Seedlings.xlsx

The Amaryllidaceae alkaloid galanthamine (Gal) in Lycoris longituba is a secondary metabolite that has been used to treat Alzheimer’s disease. Plant secondary metabolism is affected by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) exposure, although the regulatory mechanisms of MeJA on L. longituba seedlings remains largely unknown. In the present study, 75, 150, and 300 μM MeJA were used as treatments on L. longituba seedlings for 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, while 0 μM MeJA was used as the control (MJ-0). The effect of exogenous MeJA on Gal synthesis in L. longituba was then investigated using transcriptomic sequencing and metabolite profiling via GC-MS and LC-MS analysis. Galanthamine (Gal), lycorine (Lyc), and lycoramine (Lycm) abundances were 2. 71-, 2. 01-, and 2.85-fold higher in 75 μM MeJA (MJ-75) treatment plants compared to MJ-0 treatment plants after 7 days of cultivation. Transcriptomic analysis further showed that MJ-75 treatment significantly induced the expression of norbelladine synthase (NBS) and norbelladine 4′-O-methyltransferase (OMT), which are involved in the Gal biosynthesis pathway. In addition, increased expression was observed in MJ-75 treatment plants for genes in the JA synthesis and JA signaling pathways including those of allene oxide cyclase (AOC), 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase (OPR), jasmonic acid amino acid synthase (JAR), and transcription factor MYC. The L. longituba tyrosine decarboxylase (LlTYDC) enzyme was identified and proposed to be involved in the Gal biosynthetic pathway. Metabolomics results demonstrated that the accumulation of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, and especially alkaloids in the Gal biosynthesis pathway, could be induced by MJ-75 treatment. Interestingly, metabolites in the JA synthesis pathway were also affected by MeJA treatment. Overall, this multi-omics study suggests that both the JA synthesis/JA signaling and Gal biosynthesis pathways were affected by exogenous MeJA treatment. This comprehensive study of gene expression and metabolite contents can help us better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying MeJA-mediated Gal biosynthesis in L. longituba.</p