10 research outputs found
Comment; Eco-Ethica and Environmental Ethics
千葉大学公共研究センター21世紀プログラム「持続可能な福祉社会に向けた公共研究拠点
Supplementary document for Structural Design of an Improved SPIDER Optical System Based on Multimode Interference Coupler - 6615999.pdf
Regarding the derivation of formulas (9) and (10
Data File 5: High sensitivity and resolution integrated optical system for portable Raman spectrometer
Underlying values of the CCL4 spectrogram tested by two shortpass dichroic filters. Originally published in Applied Optics on 10 September 2016 (ao-55-26-7195
P2Y12 facilitates a TGF-β1-independent EMT-like transition of B16 cells, and experimental pulmonary metastasis by B16 cells.
<p>(<b>A</b>) Phase-contrast 10× and 20× micrographs of B16 tumor cells incubated with buffer, WT platelets, P2Y12<sup>−/−</sup> platelets or 20ng/ml active TGF-β1, respectively for 48 hours. Incubation with WT platelets obviously induced B16 cells to undergo an EMT-like transition, P2Y12 deficient platelets did not induce an EMT-like transition of B16 cells. Interestingly, the recombinant active TGF-β1 induced the B16 cells to undergo a less extensive EMT-like morphologic change than was induced by the WT platelets. (<b>B</b>) The level of active TGF-β1 in the B16 conditioned medium was also measured by an ELISA. B16 cells induced significantly less release of active TGF-β1 from P2Y12 deficient platelets than from WT platelets. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM, and statistical significance was determined using a one-way AVONA (**p<0.01, n=3). (<b>C</b>) Each mouse from both groups (n=7 for each group) were injected with 2 × 10<sup>5</sup> B16 cells via a tail vein. Twenty days after injection of the B16 cells, the, lungs were dissected from each mouse, and photographed. Images of visible metastatic foci are apparent in the photomicrographs. (<b>D</b>) Statistical analyses of the number of metastatic foci at the surface of the lung lobes. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM, and statistical significance was determined using the Student’s t test (**p<0.01, n=7 for each group). (<b>E</b>) Representative histochemical images (10×) of lung sections from wild-type and P2Y12 deficient mice.</p
Data_Sheet_1_The improvement of Hovenia acerba-sorghum co-fermentation in terms of microbial diversity, functional ingredients, and volatile flavor components during Baijiu fermentation.pdf
The quality of Baijiu was largely affected by raw materials, which determine the flavor and taste. In the present study, organic acids, polyphenols, volatile flavor components and microbial community in Hovenia acerba-sorghum co-fermented Baijiu (JP1) and pure sorghum-fermented Baijiu (JP2) were comprehensively analyzed. Organic acids, polyphenols and volatile flavor components in JP1 were more abundant than JP2. The abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi in JP1 was higher than that in JP2 in the early stage of fermentation, but presented opposite trend in the middle and late stages. Leuconostoc, Lentilactobacillus and Issatchenkia were dominant genera in JP1. Whereas, Cronobacter, Pediococcus and Saccharomyces occupied the main position in JP2. Lentilactobacillus and Issatchenkia were positively related to most of organic acids and polyphenols. Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, Cronobacter, Pediococcus, Brucella, Lentilactobacillus, Lactobacillus, Saccharomycopsis, Wickerhamomyces, Aspergillus, Thermomyces and unclassified_f—Dipodascaccae were associated with the main volatile flavor components. The main metabolic pathways in two JPs exhibited the variation trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and the metabolism activity in JP1 were higher than that in JP2. The results demonstrated the introduction of Hovenia acerba improved the functional ingredients and volatile flavor components, which is helpful for the quality promotion of Baijiu. This study identified the key microorganisms and discussed their effect on organic acids, polyphenols and volatile flavor components during the fermentation of Baijiu with different raw materials, providing a scientific basis for the development and production of high-quality Baijiu.</p
Data File 9: High sensitivity and resolution integrated optical system for portable Raman spectrometer
Underlying values of the glass rod spectrogram tested by the independent probe and monochromator and the integrated optical system. Originally published in Applied Optics on 10 September 2016 (ao-55-26-7195
P2Y12 deficiency decreases lung metastasis but has no effect on primary tumor growth in the LLC (Lewis lung carcinoma) spontaneous pulmonary metastasis model.
<p>Each group of 9 mice was injected intradermally with 2×10<sup>6</sup> LLC cells. Subcutaneous primary tumors were removed from each mouse and weighed 14 days after implantation. One month after removal of the subcutaneous tumors, each mouse was dissected, and its lungs were removed, weighed, and photographed. (<b>A</b>) Representative images of gross metastatic lungs from each group of mice. (<b>B</b>) Representative images of tissue sections from metastatic lungs obtained from WT and P2Y12 deficient mice. The lungs were paraffin-embedded prior to sectioning. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. (<b>C</b>) The mean weights of the primary tumors from the WT and P2Y12<sup>−/−</sup> groups. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM of the weights of all the subcutaneous tumors from each group of mice. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean tumor weights of the WT and P2Y12 deficient groups (n=9). (<b>D</b>) The mean weights of metastatic lungs from WT and P2Y12<sup>−/−</sup> groups. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM. P2Y12 deficiency significantly inhibited pulmonary metastasis (*p<0.05, n=9).</p
P2Y12 regulates/affects the formation of the pre-metastatic microenvironment in the lungs.
<p>(<b>A</b>) Representative images of fibronectin expression in lung sections. The levels of tissue fibronectin were measured in lung sections prepared at 3 and 14 days after intradermal implantation of the LLC cells. Immunostaining analysis was used to measure tissue fibronectin. The levels of lung tissue fibronectin were obviously enhanced at day 14 in the WT group, but not in the P2Y12 deficient group. In the latter group, fibronectin was expressed mainly in the regions of micro-vessels and terminal bronchi. Arrows indicate the fibronectin positive areas in the lungs of each group, and enlarged insets in 40× magnification are shown. (<b>B</b>) Statistical analyses of the percentages of fibronectin positive areas in sections of the total lungs for all the animals in each group. The lungs from both groups of animals were approximately the same size. P2Y12 deficiency did not support metastasis-driven enhancement of fibronectin expression (3 sections for each mouse; n=5 for each group, *p<0.05). (<b>C</b>) The numbers of VEGFR1 positive cells were measured in lung sections prepared on days 3 and 14 after intradermal injection of the LLC cells. By day 14, VEGFR1<sup><b>+</b></sup> cell clusters were apparent surrounding the distal bronchials and microvascular regions of the WT mouse lungs. In contrast, the P2Y12 deficient mice had few VEGFR1+ cell clusters in their lungs. Arrows indicate the VEGFR1<sup><b>+</b></sup> cell clusters in the lungs of each group, and enlarged 40× insets in are shown. (<b>D</b>) Statistical analyses of the mean number of VEGFR1<sup><b>+</b></sup> cells per lung section P2Y12 deficiency did not support metastasis-driven recruitment of VEGFR1<sup><b>+</b></sup> cells to the lungs. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM, and statistical significance was determined using a one-way AVONA (3 sections for each mouse; n=5 for each group, *p<0.05).</p
LLC cell induced platelet shape change is P2Y12-dependent.
<p>(<b>A</b>) In order to investigate the direct interaction between LLC tumor cells and platelets in vitro, 2×10<sup>5</sup> /ml, 6×10<sup>5</sup> /ml or 1×10<sup>6</sup> /ml of Ds-Red labeled LLC cells were added to a suspension of 3×10<sup>8</sup>/ml calcein–labeled WT or P2Y12<sup>−/−</sup> platelets in total volume of 300μl, and aggregation and shape change were monitored for 20 minutes with stirring at 1000rpm using a Chrono-Log aggregometeras described. In contrast to the WT platelets, P2Y12 deficient platelets did not undergo shape change or aggregate in response to stirring in the presence of LLC cancer cells (n=3). (<b>B</b>) After stirring, a sample of the mixture of LLC cells and platelets was smeared on the slides, and bright-field and fluorescence images of were taken in the 10x objective field. No obvious direct interaction between LLC cells and platelets was observed.</p
Platelets promote invasiveness of LLC cells by inducing a P2Y12 and TGF-β1 dependent epithelial-mesenchymal-like transition (EMLT).
<p>(<b>A</b>) Platelet P2Y12 regulated LLC cell invasion in matrigel. As evident from the images and bar graphs, P2Y12 deficient platelets significantly inhibited LLC cell invasiveness. LLC cells were added at the top of transwells coated with matrigel and those cells were treated with buffer, WT platelets and P2Y12<sup>−/−</sup> platelets, respectively. The effects of this treatment were evaluated by counting the crystal violet stained cells at the bottom of the wells after 40 hours incubation with buffer or platelets. Each bar represents the mean number of invasive cells ± SEM, statistical significance was determined using a one-way AVONA (10 random fields per sample, n=3 samples, ***p<0.001). (<b>B</b>) LLC cells induced the release of active TGF-β1 from platelets. The LLC cells attached to each well were incubated with buffer, WT or P2Y12<sup>−/−</sup> platelets for 48 hours. Cancer cells and platelets were removed from the conditioned medium by centrifugation. The amounts of the active form of TGF-β1 in the supernatant fractions were measured using ELISAs. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM, and the statistical significance was calculated using a one-way AVONA (***p<0.001, n=3). (<b>C</b>) The levels of active TGF-β1 were measured in the supernatant fractions from 300μl volumes of washed platelets stimulated by 20μM ADP, 2μg/ml collagen or 0.1U/ml α-thrombin. EDTA (final concentration of 5mM) was added to each platelet suspension before the supernatant fractions were prepared by centrifugation. The level of TGF-β1 was measured in each supernatant fraction using an ELISA. Each bar represents the mean ± SEM, and the statistical significance was calculated using a one-way AVONA (***p<0.001, n=3). (<b>D</b>) 10× and 20× phase-contrast micrographs of LLC cells that had been incubated with buffer, WT platelets, P2Y12<sup>−/−</sup> platelets or 20ng/ml recombinant active TGF-β1 (as a positive control). In contrast to the P2Y12 deficient platelets, incubation of the LLC cells with WT platelets or active TGF-β1 obviously induced the LLC cells to undergo an EMT-like transition.</p