Additional file 6: Table S11. of Systematic target function annotation of human transcription factors

The raw transcription factor–target gene (TFTG) relationships in GMT file format for 20,000bp window size. (GMT 1413 kb

Mesophase-Mediated Crystallization of Poly(l‑lactide): Deterministic Pathways to Nanostructured Morphology and Superstructure Control

The effect of the CO₂-induced mesophase on the isothermal crystallization of poly­(l-lactide) (PLLA) was investigated by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and microscopy. It was found that the crystallization rate of PLLA was significantly enhanced by the CO₂-induced mesophase, showing that the crystallization was completed even in a short period of 10⁰–10¹ s. Compared with the directly crystallized samples that showed typical spherulites with lamellae, the crystallization via CO₂-induced mesophase led to nonspherulitic (granular or featureless) morphologies consisting of nanorods, whereas the polymorphic behavior remained unaffected by the initial state, resulting in crystallized PLLA containing identical polymorphs of uniquely different nanostrutured morphologies and superstructures. The IR imaging results indicated that the formation of the equilibrium crystal was preceded by the formation of various metastable intermediate phases, including mesomorphic phase, preordering, and metastable crystal, all of which continuously evolved with time. The nucleation process proceeded via a similar pathway. In contrast to the negligible contribution of mesophase to the nucleation in direct crystallization, the CO₂-induced mesophase with extremely high nucleation density underwent disordering–reorganization into the preordering, thereby providing a tremendous number of active nucleation sites for enhancing crystallization and serving as building blocks for nanorods. Importantly, the present results highlight the decisive role of mesophase in directing the nanostructure and superstructure and support a multistep process for the crystallization (including nucleation and crystal growth) of PLLA, validating the Ostwald step rule, providing mechanistic insights into the crystallization of polymers

Additional file 3: Table S7. of Systematic target function annotation of human transcription factors

The complete transcription factor annotation results. –Log10 (P value) are provided in parentheses following the target functions. (XLSX 153 kb

Additional file 1: Supplementary Material. of Systematic target function annotation of human transcription factors

Supplementary Results, Methods, Figures (S1-S12), Tables (S1-S5, and S9). Tables S6, S7, S8, S10, S11 are available as separate files. Tables S10 and S11 correspond to the raw transcription factor–target gene (TFTG) relationships for 6000 and 20,000 windows, respectively, in GMT format [45, 47–49, 51–62, 71, 89, 90, 92–115, 119–121, 139–147, 155]. (DOCX 7176 kb

Additional file 4: Table S8. of Systematic target function annotation of human transcription factors

The complete list of TF pairs with significant target function overlaps but lower than expected target gene overlaps. Negative association (i.e., lower than expected target gene overlaps) of two TFs is defined as a negative Phi coefficient of the target gene overlaps of two TFs – TF1 and TF2. (XLSX 46 kb

74 ribotype sequences

74 ribotype sequence

Chained LQ with 5,000 variables.

<p>Chained LQ with 5,000 variables.</p

11 psbA-trnH chlorotype sequences

11 psbA-trnH chlorotype sequence

Chloroplast DNA sequence polymorphisms detected in two intergenic spacer (IGS) regions of F. suspensa identifying thirteen chlorotypes (C1–C13)

Chloroplast DNA sequence polymorphisms detected in two intergenic spacer (IGS) regions of F. suspensa identifying thirteen chlorotypes (C1–C13

Leaf nitrogen concentration based on dry weight (Nw) and leaf area (Na), and chlorophyll meter reading (SPAD) of the wide and narrow sides of leaf blade in the top three leaves at heading stage.

<p>The experiments were conducted in the early, middle, and late growing seasons in Wuxue County and Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China in 2014.</p><p>Within a row for each leaf position, means followed by different letters are significantly different according to the least significant difference (LSD) at the 0.05 probability level.</p><p>Leaf nitrogen concentration based on dry weight (Nw) and leaf area (Na), and chlorophyll meter reading (SPAD) of the wide and narrow sides of leaf blade in the top three leaves at heading stage.</p